为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，小编给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧 。
托福阅读真题1
PASSAGE 40
According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life.Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin withthe Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with sixworkdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work,however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near theend of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treatSaturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standardpractice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the UnitedStates until the 1920's.
In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw theworkweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the1930's. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plantsfrom 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close forthe entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from otherfirms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popularwith workers.
The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of jobsharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low forthe United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated aweekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day,5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments invarious places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, forexample, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; andin 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanesegovernment has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national targetof 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of workper year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for theUnited States and 1,646 for France.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
【TOEFL写作|TOEFL阅读真题】(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week
(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work perweek
(C) A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in severalindustries
(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution
2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek inthe nineteenth century
(A) remained constant
(B) decreased slightly
(C) decreased significantly
(D) increased significantly
3. The word norm in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) minimum.
(B) example
(C) possibility
(D) standard
4. The word henceforth in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) in the end
(B) for a brief period
(C) from that time on
(D) on occasion
5. The idea mentioned in line 15 refers to
(A) the 60-hour workweek
(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles
(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories
(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse
6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for theaverage worker in the
United States during the 1930's?
(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.
(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in theUnited States.
(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.
(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.
7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the FairLabor Standards Act of
1938 ?
(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages
(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek
(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for theirworkers
(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek
8. The word mandated in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) required
(B) recommended
(C) eliminated
(D) considered
9. The word immutable in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) unmatched
(B) irregular
(C) unnecessary
(D) unchangeable
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length ofthe workweek has
been declining since the nineteenth century?
(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)
(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)
(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)
(D) German metalworkers (line 21)
11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is toreduce the average
annual amount of work to
(A) 1,646 hours
(B) 1,800 hours
(C) 1,957 hours
(D) 2,088 hours
PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB

声明：本文是由网友投稿，文中所阐述的观点不代表本网的立场。

来源：(未知)

【傻大方】网址：/a/2020/1125/00122240.html

标题：TOEFL写作|TOEFL阅读真题