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托福阅读真题1
PASSAGE 7
As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of theeighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for avast and growing agricultural hinterland.
Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from withina radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables,cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High StreetMarket was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when itreached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on SecondStreet between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market beganoperation.
Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted inPhiladelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in othercolonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods fromoutlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings fromGermantown, for example, were popular items.
Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of thecompetition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Althoughgovernmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful,the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, asincreasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchantsbecame differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shopsbegan to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.
One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was becausethe
surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Notonly did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all overthe colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly andcouncil and the meetings of the courts of justice.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance
(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center
(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia
(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia
2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened inPhiladelphia because
(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets
(B) the High Street Market was forced to close
(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population
(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.
3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tradition
(B) association
(C) produce
(D) region
4. The word it in line 6 refers to
(A) the crowded city
(B) a radius
(C) the High Street Market
(D) the period
5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) returned
(B) started
(C) declined
(D) continued
6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held
(A) on the same day as market says
(B) as often as possible
(C) a couple of times a year
(D) whenever the government allowed it
7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line12 to show that they were items that
(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell
(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia
(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia
(D) could easily be transported
8. The word eradicate in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) eliminate
(B) exploit
(C) organize
(D) operate
9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that economicdevelopment was on the merchants' side ?
(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.
(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.
(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence
(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economicallysuccessful.
10. The word undergoing in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) requesting
(B) experiencing
(C) repeating
(D) including
托福阅读真题2
PASSAGE 8
The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds aplethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may includemonkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines.
Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, arenot as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitatsglobally.
Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed andturbulent environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has moresurface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains orloses heat more swiftly. Thus, in the trees,where shelter from heat and cold maybe scarce and conditions may fluctuate, a small mammal may have troublemaintaining its body temperature.

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