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托福阅读真题1
PASSAGE 34
Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of theUnited States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, fromtown and farm to city, within the United States. The country had beenoverwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percentof Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban populationbegan to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boastinga population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that heldmore than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban societycame from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of newimmigrants and old American settlers on America's urban frontier in the latenineteenth century proved extraordinary.
The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on eachother. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek anew life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the largeconcentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers offactories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products ofindustry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as theexpanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sectorof the overall economy of the Untied States.
Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization.One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturingsteel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. Therefining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electriclighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areasthat were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them fromthe farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a majorpsychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction ofurban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in ruralisolation.
1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does thepassage mainly discuss?
(A) Technological developments
(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities
(C) Standards of living
(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization
2. The word influx in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) working
(B) processing
(C) arrival
(D) attraction
3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss
(A) foreign immigration
(B) rural life
(C) the agricultural revolution
(D) famous cities of the twentieth century
4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in1900?
(A) Five percent
(B) Eleven percent
(C) Twenty-eight percent
(D) Forty-six percent
5. The word extraordinary in line 12 is closet in meaning to
(A) expensive
(B) exceptional
(C) supreme
(D) necessary
6. The phrase each other in line 13 refers to
(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants
(B) farms and small towns
(C) growth of cities and industrialization
(D) industry and transportation
7. The word stimulated in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) forced
(B) prepared
(C) limited
(D) motivated
8. Why does the author mention electric lighting and the telephone in line23?
(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution
(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life
(C) They were developed by the same individual.
(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.
9. The word them in line 25 refers to
(A) urban areas
(B) rural Americans
(C) farms
(D) cities
10. The word era in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) period of time
(B) location
(C) action
(D) unique situation
11. The word intriguing in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) profitable
(B) attractive
(C) comfortable
(D) challenging
PASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B
托福阅读真题2
PASSAGE 35
The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives andcultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained from a siteknown as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicatesthat it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known asthe Hohokam.
The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a naturalcalendar/clock. The hole at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhangingrocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening largeenough for several persons to pass through. The northeast-facing overhang has asmaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces theattributes that may have been used as a calendar/clock.

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