Because of its location in the shelter's roof, a beam of sunlight can passthrough this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter's wall and floor. Thisspot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It alsomoves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun,the west-to-east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, muchlike a sundial, while the north-to-south movement could have been used toestablish a seasonal calendar.
The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of theshelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the year. Thespot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achievedroughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches apoint where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to moveto the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down thebutte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. If a person is seated on acertain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed throughthe calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending onthe time of year.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) observations of the stars by ancient people
(B) rock formations of Arizona
(C) a site used by ancient people to measure time
(D) the movement of the earth around the Sun
2. The word obtained in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) acquired
(B) transported
(C) covered
(D) removed
3. The word attributes in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) changes
(B) characteristics
(C) locations
(D) dimensions
4. The word its in line 10 refers to
(A) roof
(B) beam
(C) hole
(D) spot
5. The word establish in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) create
(B) locate
(C) consult
(D) choose
6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?
(A) It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.
(B) It travels across the roof of the shelter.
(C) Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.
(D) It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.
7. From which of the following can be the time of year be determined?
(A) The movement of the spot of light from west to east
(B) The speed with which the spot of light moves
(C) The movement of the spot of light from north to south
(D) The size of the sport of light at midday
8. The word roughly in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) finally
(B) harshly
(C) uneasily
(D) approximately
9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of thefollowing EXCEPT
(A) a calendar
(B) a home
(C) a clock
(D) an observatory
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
(A) The boulders are located below the rock shelter.
(B) The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.
(C) After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.
(D) The spot of light is largest when it first appears.
PASSAGE 35 CABCA BCDBA
托福阅读真题3
PASSAGE 36
The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in Americaart, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of thatyear, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in NewYork City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Societyfor the Promotion of Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing anexhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the societyfounded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodicexhibitions of the members' paintings also included works by noted Englishartists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. Thesociety's activities also included organized sketching excursions along theHudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presentedworks by its members in the Industry of All Nations section of the CrystalPalace Exposition in New York.
The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meetingin 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters inthe Library Society building and returned to Falconer's studio, where it brokeup amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbersof watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. Duringthat decade, though, Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was published in NewYork City in 1856 — the book was a considerable improvement over the only othermanual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, byArchibald Roberson, published in 1802 and by the 1850's long out of print.
In 1866 the National Academy of Design was host to an exhibition ofwatercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building onTwenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsored by anindependent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of thisevent, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded TheAmerican Society of Painters in Water Colors.

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