按关键词阅读: 沉积岩 充实 内容充实 内容 构造
8、长数厘米至数十厘米 可以孤立或成群出现 , 顺着水流方向排列 , 浑圆突起端迎着水流方向,30,高等课讲,形成过程:泥质沉积物表面上凹凸不平 , 导致水流的分离和涡流的产生 。
涡流在松软的泥质沉积物面上冲刷出凹槽 。
其后 , 凹槽被砂充填 , 成为砂岩层底面上的槽铸型槽模(flute casts,31,高等课讲,纵向脊与沟 (longitudinal ridge and furrow):由一系列平行于水流方向延伸的脊与沟紧密间互排列所组成的构造,32,高等课讲,横向冲刷痕(transverse scour mark): 垂直于水流方向排列的、一系列相互平行的、浅而不对称的冲沟 。
可能与水流在泥质沉积物表面流动时所产生 。
9、的剪切现象相结合的侵蚀作用有关,33,高等课讲,障碍冲刷痕 (obstacle-scour mark) : 水流在位于沉积物表面上的障碍物周围发生侵蚀和沉积所形成的构造 , 也常称为水流新月形构造 (current crescent,34,高等课讲,Channel Cast:A flow of coarse material cut into underlying mud, forming a channel, and eventually hardened into rock,35,高等课讲,Channelized bedding. Erosive scours that backfill wi 。
10、th sand may give rise to isolated channelized sandbodies,36,高等课讲,压刻痕,水流所携带的物体在松软的沉积物表面上运动时所刻蚀或刻划出来的痕迹称为压刻痕或工具痕(tool mark,37,高等课讲,沟痕(模) (groove mark / cast) V形痕 (chevron mark) 戳痕 (prod mark) 弹跳痕 (bounce mark) 刷痕 (brush mark) 跳跃痕 (skip mark) 滚动痕 (roll mark) 大型滚动痕 (large-scale slide mark,38,高等课讲,其它表面痕迹 。
11、,细流痕(rill mark) 冲淤构造(scour and fill structure) 冲蚀构造(washout structure) 冲流痕(swash mark) 剥离线理(parting lineation) 水位痕(water level mark) 皱痕(wrinkle mark) 粘附波痕和粘附瘤(adhesion ripple and adhesion warts,39,高等课讲,Scour-and-Fill Structures:Here flows of coarse sediment repeatedly eroded, then filled channels (s 。
12、cours) in the underlying sediment. The coarse fill was itself scoured and filled,40,高等课讲,Hummocky Cross-Bedding:Hummocky cross-bedding is a distinctive bedding pattern that is a sign of ancient storms, like hurricanes,41,高等课讲,Hummocky cross-bedding is more formally known as hummocky cross-stratifica 。
13、tion and often given the abbreviation HCS a sandy seafloor near the beach but not too near, roiled by a major storm with more sand pouring in from the beach. Piles of sand at least a meter high (hummocks) are built up and travel across the bottom, sand being eroded off the upstream side and dumped o 。
14、n the leading downstream side. The whole seafloor is built up with a permanent new coat of sand, bearing the internal marks left by the hummocks as the currents moved them around,42,高等课讲,Rip-Up Clasts:Rip-up clasts are created by vigorous flows of coarse sediment, like the seafloor avalanche that fo 。
15、rmed this turbidite bed,43,高等课讲,As the gravel and sand coursed down slope, it occasionally swept up chunks of the muddy sides of its channel. A few of these clasts are preserved as mudstone, which is much softer than the conglomerate around it. Thus these particular rip-up clasts have largely eroded 。
16、 out of the surrounding rock, but enough of the shaly material is left to tell what once filled the holes. They may also be called mudstone clasts, intraformational or intrabasinal clasts, or clay chips,44,高等课讲,层理是沉积岩最典型最重要的特征之一 。
它是沉积物沉积时水动力条件的直接反映 , 也是沉积环境的重要标志之一,层理(bedding,45,高等课讲,层理(bedding): 岩石性质沿垂 。
17、向变化的一种层状构造 , 它可以通过矿物成分、结构、颜色的突变和渐变而显现出来 。
岩石因层理的存在而显出岩石的非均质性,46,高等课讲,层理的基本类型及有关术语,47,高等课讲,纹层(Lamina)组成层理的最基本的最小的单位 , 纹层之内没有任何肉眼可见的层, 亦称细层 。
成因:在一定条件下同时沉积的 。
特征:厚度小 , 一般数mm 数cm,48,高等课讲,层系(set): 由许多在成分、结构、厚度和产状上近似的同类型纹层组合而成,它们形成于相同的沉积条件下 , 是一段时间内水动力条件相对稳定的产物,49,高等课讲,层系组(coset)由两个或两个以上岩性(成分、结构)基本一致的相似层系或性质不同但成因上有 。
18、联系的层系叠覆组成 , 其间没有明显间断, 也称层组,50,高等课讲,层(bed)组成沉积地层的基本单位 。
由成分基本一致的岩石组成 , 它是在较大区域内 , 在基本稳定的自然条件下沉积而成的,51,高等课讲,一个层可以包括一个或若干个纹层、层系或层系组 。
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标题:内容充实|沉积岩构造【内容充实】( 二 )