「龙腾网」英特尔未来计划：热量子比特，冷控制芯片和快速测试( 四 ) 正文翻译Quantumcomputingmayhavesh

Here’s the other thing that keeps me up at night. Prior to starting the Intel quantum-computing program, I was in charge of interconnect research in Intel’s Components Research Group. (This is the wiring on chips.) So, I’m a little less concerned with the wiring into and out of the fridge than I am just about the wiring on the chip.还有一件事让我晚上睡不着觉。在启动英特尔量子计算项目之前，我负责英特尔部件研究组的互连研究。（这是芯片上的布线。）所以，我不太关心制冷机里外的连线，而主要关心芯片上的电线。
I’ll give an example: An Intel server chip has probably north of 10 billion transistors on a single chip. Yet the number of wires coming off that chip is a couple of thousand. A quantum computing chip has more wires coming off the chip than there are qubits. This was certainly the case for the Google [quantum supremacy] work last year. This was certainly the case for the Tangle Lake chip that Intel manufactured in 2018, and it’s the case with our spin qubit chips we make now.我将举一个例子：英特尔服务器芯片可能在单个芯片上有100亿个晶体管。然而，从芯片上连出的电线只有几千根。量子计算芯片连出的导线比量子比特多。去年谷歌(Google)的“量子霸权”(quantum superior)工作显然就是如此。英特尔在2018年制造的Tangle Lake芯片就是这样，我们现在制造的自旋量子比特芯片也是这样。
So we’ve got to find a way to make the interconnects more elegant. We can’t have more wires coming off the chip than we have devices on the chip. It’s ineffective.因此，我们必须找到一种方法，使互连更加简洁。我们不能有比芯片上的设备更多的电线从芯片上连出。它是低效率的。
This is something the conventional computing community discovered in the late 1960s with Rent’s Rule [which empirically relates the number of interconnects coming out of a block of logic circuitry to the number of gates in the block]. Last year we published a paper with Technical University Delft on the quantum equivalent of Rent’s Rule. And it talks about, amongst other things the Horse Ridge control chip, the hot qubits, and multiplexing.这是20世纪60年代末传统计算界在Rent规则中发现的某种东西(Rent规则将逻辑电路块连出的互连数与块中的门数经验性地联系起来] 。去年，我们与代尔夫特工业大学发表了一篇关于Rent规则的量子等价的论文。它讨论了马岭控制芯片、热量子比特和多路复用等问题。
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Spectrum: Doesn’t Horse Ridge do multiplexing?Spectrum: 马岭控制芯片不能做多路复用吗？
Clarke: It has multiplexing. The second generation will have a little bit more. The form factor of the wires [in the new generation] is much smaller, because we can put it in closer proximity to the [quantum] chip.Clarke:它有多路复用。第二代会多一点。电线的构造倍数[在新一代]要小得多，因为我们可以把它放在更接近[量子]芯片的地方。
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Spectrum: What’s that going to require?Spectrum: 那需要什么才能做到？
Clarke: It’s going to require a few things. It’s going to require improvements in the operating temperature of the control chip. It’s probably going to require some novel implementations of the packaging so there isn’t a lot of thermal cross talk between the two chips. It’s probably going to require even greater cooling capacity from the dilution refrigerator. And it’s probably going to require some qubit topology that facilitates multiplexing.Clarke: 这需要一些东西。这将需要改进控制芯片的工作温度。它可能需要一些新颖的封装方法，这样两个芯片之间就不会有太多的热交换。它可能需要稀释制冷机有更大的冷却能力。而且它可能需要一些量子比特拓扑促进复用。
【「龙腾网」英特尔未来计划：热量子比特，冷控制芯片和快速测试】Spectrum: Given the significant technical challenges you’ve talked about here, how optimistic are you about the future of quantum computing?Spectrum: 考虑到您在这里谈到的重大技术挑战，您对量子计算的未来有多乐观？
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