17、rope reduced to minor city-states many established arts and crafts forgotten or stagnant, the 600 years following the fall of Rome being so devoid of significant change that historians refer to them as the Dark Ages. 4.The discovery of paper - In China, Tsai Lun is credited with making the first tru 。

18、e paper from the inner bark of mulberry trees. The name “paper” given to the Chinese invention made of matted plant fibers,From Rome To The Renaissance,5. Ancient printing - In 768, the oldest existing printed objects (Japanese Buddhist charms);
in 868, the oldest existing book (the Diamond Sutra) p 。

19、rinted, found in Turkistan. 6. The Renaissance - In about 1100, the European awoken, neglected crafts revitalized, the arts revived and trade increased, by the 1500s, the art of printing born. - Fundamental social structures not changed significantly: - lived off the land - typically as serfs,From R 。

20、ome To The Renaissance,ate what they raised, found or caught - consumer needs: nonexistent - manufacturing was strictly a custom business - packages: personally crafted, valuable utensils, and rarely disposable in the manner of a modern package - since there being no retail trade, concepts of market 。

21、ing, advertising, price structures and distribution being irrelevant - population levels being not large enough to support mass production,The Industrial Revolution,1.The I.R. definition - The I.R. started in England in about 1700 and spread rapidly through Europe and North America. - The Industrial 。

22、 Revolution: the change that transforms a people with peasant occupations and local markets into an industrial society with world-wide connections. - This new type of society makes great use of machinery and manufactures goods on a large scale for general consumption,The Industrial Revolution,2.Char 。

23、acteristics of the Industrial Revolution Rural agricultural workers migrated into cities, where employed in factories. Inexpensive mass-produced goods available to a large segment of the population;
the consumer society born. Factory workers needed commodities and food, previously produced largely a 。

24、t home. Many new shops and stores opened to sell to the newly evolving working class. By necessity, some industries located in nonagricultural areas, requiring that all food be transported into the growing urban settings,The Industrial Revolution,3.The dramatic changes in how we lived - The changes。

25、increased the demand for barrels, boxes, kegs, baskets, and bags to transport the new consumer commodities and to bring great quantities of food into the cities. - The fledgling packaging industry itself had to mechanize. - Necessary to devise ways of preserving food beyond its natural biological li 。

26、fe,The Evolution of New Packaging Roles,1. How the Industrial Revolution affected packaging The evolution of selling and informing as vital packaging roles - Bulk packaging was the rule, with the barrel being the workhorse of the packaging industry. - Flour, apples, biscuits, molasses, gunpowder, wh 。

27、iskey, nails and whale oil transported in barrels. - Packaging served primarily to contain and protect. - Individual packaging being of little importance until the Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities. 2.The first packaged retail products - Medicines, cosmetics, teas, liquors and other 。

28、 expensive products;
“a paper of pins,The Evolution of New Packaging Roles,3.The origin of the term “brands” and how it was transferred to unit packages, early brands, early labeling - The first brand names were inevitably those of the maker. Yardleys (1770), Schweppes(1792), Perrier (1863), Smith B 。

29、rothers (1866) and Colgate (1873). - The evolving printing and decorating arts applied to “upscale” packages, many early decorations based on works of art or national symbols or images. - Early labels: pictures of pastoral life, barnyards, fruit, the gold medals,The Evolution of New Packaging Roles, 。

30、4.Quaker Oats-a new idea in branding - A packaging milestone in 1877, the Quaker personage, the “persona”, a description of the package or product as if it were a person. - Between 1890 and about 1920, decoration followed the art nouveau style, this being followed by a period of art deco graphics an 。

31、d designs. 5. The new packaging material-plastics - The first plastic(based on cellulose), made in 1856,The Evolution of New Packaging Roles,6. Changes in the way we traveled and shopped, changes in the retail store - The small community general store was no longer enough. - National railroads made。

32、coast-to-coast transport a reality. - The automobile freed consumers - first five-and-ten store - Refrigeration was becoming commonplace. 7. The packages motivational and informational roles The package had to inform the purchaser. The package had to sell the product,Packaging In The Late 20th Centu 。

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