被动语态的用法(被动语态的形式) _美文推荐

【被动语态的用法(被动语态的形式)】

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被动语态的正确使用，请详细解释被动语态的用法，谢谢
2.被动语态的基本结构：主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词如：Trees are planted every year.② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词如：The road is being repaired.③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词如：The work has been finished.④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词如：The story was told by him.Many birds were killed last year.⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词如：The new house was being painted when I got home.⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词如：He told me that the work had been finished.⑦一般将来时will +be + 过去分词如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词如：He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.⑨情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be +过去分词如：The problem must be solved soon.Children should be taught to love animals.被动语态用法
被动语态的基本用法一. 何时使用被动语态1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如：Paper is made from wood.The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.He was wounded in the fight.2. 需要强调动作的承受者时如：Calwlator can"t be used in the maths exam.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn"t be taken away.He was awarded first prize in that contest.3为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排.如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of nextmonth.Electricity is used to run machines.二. 被动语态的构成1. be+done 可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式.被动语态中,done可以带by短语,而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带by短语.如：The question is settled. (系表结构)Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态)The composition is well written. (系表结构)The composition is written with great care . (被动语态)The job was well done. (系表结构)The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态)2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词.句中如果有by,通常是被动语态.如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态)I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作)The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作)The glass is broken. (表状态)I was frightened by his ghost story.She was frightened at the sight of a snake.三. 不同形式的被动语态1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语.如：He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.He sent me a birthday present.I was sent a birthday present by him.A birthday present was sent to me by him.2含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变.(1) 将宾语变为主语,宾补不变.如：They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.He left the door open. The door war left open by him.(2) make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice.help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to .如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?3. 情态动词的被动语态.是由情态V+be+p.p.构成如：They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay me for this.I must be paid for this.He can repair your watch.Your watch can be repaired.4. 短语V的被动语态一般来讲,只有及物V才有被动语态,因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词,相当与及物动词,可以有宾语.因而可以有被动语态,但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体.变被动时,不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：lookafter, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, makeues of,etc.如：They had put out the fire before the fire--brigade arrived.The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.They will set up a new public school here.A new public school will be set up here.5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义..如：The goods sells well. The door can"t open.6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面,v-ing形式为主动,意义为被动.如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The book is worth reading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动时使用形式替代词it.如：We know that Britain is an island country.It"s known that Britain is an island country.The teacher said that this book has been translated into severallanguagesIt"s said that this book has been franslated into several languages8. 宾语为反身代词,相互代词及虚词it时,不用被动,只用主动.如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.9. 谓语动词是以下时,无被动.happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall,last(延长),cost(花费)break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发),hold(容纳),lack(缺乏),agree with(同意).10. 据说类动词：say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand,hope, etc.如：It is said that… There is said to be… Sth./Sb. is said to…11.主动形式表被动① 感官动词：sound,taste, ell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时;② 一些vi主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock,sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc.③不定式to blame,to let(出租)作表语时,主动形式表被动含义④表(sth)需要的need ,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义⑤be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义