八年级物理上册知识点（八年级上册生物知识点） _物理

Unit 6 I'm going to study computer science.
【重点短语】
1. grow up 长大
2. every day 每天
3. be sure about 对某事确信
4. make sure 确信/有把握
5. send…to…把…...发送到...…/把...…寄…...
6. be able to 能/能够
7. the meaning of …...的意思/含义
8. different kinds of 不同种类的
9. have …..in common 有…共同点
10. at the beginning of 在…开始的时候
11. write down 写下/记下
12. have to do with 与….有关系
13. take up 开始从事/着手处理/接受
14. hardly ever 几乎不
15. too…to… 太......而不能......
【重点句型】
1. What do you want to be/ become when you grow up?
当你长大的时候想当什么？
2. I want to be a/an computer programmer/ bus driver/ basketball player/ engineer/ cook/ teacher/ pilot/ scientist/ doctor/ violinist/ pianist /actor /actress/ singer/ race car driver/ reporter
我想当……（职业名称）
3. My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that.
我的双亲想要我当医生，但我还不确定。
4. How are you going to do that?
你打算怎样做呢？
5. I’m going to practice basketball every day.
我打算每天练习篮球。
6. Where/ When are you going to study?
你打算在哪儿/什么时候去学习？
7. I know why you’re so good at writing stories.
我知道你为什么如此擅长于写故事。
8. I’ m going to keep on writing stories.
我打算坚持写故事。
9. Not everyone knows what they want to be.
不是每个人都知道他们想当什么？
10. Just make sure you try your best.
只要确信你尽了最大努力。
11. Then you can be anything you want.
那么你就可以当你想当的了。
12. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions!
由于这个原因，最好的决心就是没有决心。
13. My New Year’s resolution is to get good grades.
我的新年决心是取得好成绩。
【重点单词】
doctor ['d?kt?(r)] n.医生
engineer [end??'n?r] n.工程师
violinist [?va??'l?n?st] n.小提琴手
pilot ['pa?l?t] n.飞行员
pianist ['p??n?st] n.钢琴家
scientist ['sa??nt?st] n.科学家
college ['kɑ?l?d?] n.大学
education [?ed?u'ke??n] n.教育
medicine ['medsn] n.药，医学
university [?ju?n?'v??rs?ti] n.大学，高等学府
article ['ɑ?rt?kl] n.文章，论文
send [send] n.邮寄，发送
【八年级物理上册知识点（八年级上册生物知识点）】grow up 长大成长
computer programmer 计算机管理员
be sure about 确信
make sure 确保
resolution [?rez?'lu??n] n.决心，决定
foreign ['f??r?n] adj.外国的
able [?eb?l] adj.能够
discuss [d??sk?s] v.讨论，商量
promise [?prɑm?s] v./n.承诺，诺言
beginning [b??ɡ?n??] n.开头，开端
improve [?m?pruv] v.改进，改善
physical ['f?z?kl] adj.身体的，物理的
selfimprovement [self?mp'ru?vm?nt] n.自我改进，自我提高
hobby ['hɑ?bi] n.业余爱好
own [o?n] a.自己的，本人的，拥有
personal ['p??rs?nl] adj.个人的，私人的
relationship [r?'le??n??p] n.关系
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. want to be/become + (职业)名词:“想要成为…..”
I want to be(be)a scientist when I grow up.
2. write stories 写故事
tell stories 讲故事
3. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事（表动作的反复）
keeping doing sth. 保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续）
4. be sure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”
Are you sure about that?
make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”
Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.
5. learnsth. We must learn English every day.
learnto do sth. I am going to learnto play( play) the piano.
6.discuss v.讨论；商量名词是discussion
discuss with sb. 与某人讨论:
Discuss this question with your partner.
Let’s discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。
All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。
7. be able to do sth. 能够做某事
（1）can : can+动词原形，无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时。
be able to + 动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。
（2）can 常指客观上能够；be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。
He will be able to(能够) speak English next year.（在此不能填can）
8. promise n. 承诺；诺言v. 许诺；承诺；答应
make a promise(to sb) （对某人）许下诺言
keep a promise 遵守诺言
break a promise 违背诺言
promise (sb)to do sth. 许诺某人干某事
promise (sb) +that 从句
He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。
I promised thatI study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。
9. have to do with 关于；与……有关系
The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。
10.take up sth./doing sth.（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做
I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。
11.Sometimes the resolutions may betoodifficult tokeep.
too+形容词/副词to+动词原形，表示“太…...而不能...…”如：
The kid is too young to playthis game.这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。
12. one’s own +名词 “某人自己的东西”，强调某物为个人所有
my own book 我自己的书本
【重点语法】
一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构
1. 基本形式
否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式：am/is/are+主语+going to +动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？
He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us?他会帮我们收集数据吗？
What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？
2. 基本用法
（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
【重点短语】
1. on computers 在电脑上
2. on paper 在纸上
3. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
4. free time 空闲时间
5. in danger 在危险中
6. on the earth 在世界上
7. play a part in sth 在某方面出力/做贡献
8. space station 太空站
8. look for 寻找
9. computer programmer 电脑程序师
10. in the future 在将来
11. hundreds of 成百上千的
12. the same…as 与…...一样
13. over and over again 反复
14. get bored 无聊
15. wake up 醒来/唤醒
16. look like 看起来像
17. fall down 倒下/落下
【重点句型】
1. Are you kidding?
你开玩笑吧？
2. Will people have robots?
人们会拥有机器人吗？
3. Everything will be free.
一切都将是免费的。
4. Books will only be on computers, not on paper.
书将会只存在于电脑上，而不是在纸上。
5. They’ll study at home on computers.
他们将在家里的电脑上学习。
6. There will be only one country in the world.
世界上将只有一个国家。
7. There will be less pollution.
污染将更少。
8. What will the future be like?
未来会象什么样子？
9. We never know what will happen in the future.
我们永远不知道未来将会发生什么。
10. And my apartment will be no good for pets.
我的公寓将不适合于宠物。
11. I think so.我认为是这样
I don’t think so.这认为不是这样。
12. I hope so.我希望如此。
I hope not我希望不这样。
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50年后，人们将有更多的空闲时间，因为他们会有更少的事情做。
14. In 20 years, I think I’ll be a newspaper reporter.
20 年以后，我想我会成为一个报社采访人员。
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
然而，一些科学家相信，尽管我们能够让机器人象人类一样运动，但让他们象人类一样真正地思考却很困难。
16. For example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
例如，科学家James White 认为，机器人将不能够清醒得知道他们身处何处。
17. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago.
这在20年前是不可能的，但是计算机和火箭在100年前也是看起来不可能的。
18. You should also remember that there will be both good and bad things in life.
你也应该记住，生活中有好事也有坏事。
【重点单词】
paper ['pe?p?r] n.纸
pollution [p?'lu??n] n.污染；污染物
prediction [pr?'d?k?n] n.预测
future ['fju?t??r] n.未来
pollute [p?'lu?t] v.污染
environment [?n'va?r?nm?nt] n.环境
planet ['pl?n?t] n.行星
earth [??rθ] n.地球；泥土
plant [pl?nt] v.种植 n.植物
part [pɑ?rt] v.参加 n.部分
peace [pi?s] n.和平
sky [ska?] n.天空
play a part 参与
astronaut ['?str?n??t] n.宇航员
apartment [?'pɑ?rtm?nt] n.公寓房间
rocket ['rɑ?k?t] n.火箭
space [spe?s] n.空间；太空
even ['i?vn] adv.甚至；愈加
human ['hju?m?n] adj.人的n.人；人类
servant ['s??rv?nt] n.仆人
dangerous ['de?nd??r?s] adj.危险的
already [??l'redi] adv.已经
factory ['f?ktri] n.工厂
believe [b?'li?v] v.相信
disagree [?d?s?'ɡri?] v.不同意
shape [?e?p] n.形状
fall [f??l] v./n.倒塌；跌倒
possible ['pɑ?s?bl] adj.可能的
probably ['prɑ?b?bli] adv.大概；或许；很可能
holiday ['hɑ?l?de?] n.假日
word [w??rd] n.单词
space station 太空站
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. many+可数名词许多......
much +不可数名词许多......
2. live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”
3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中
4. play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事
Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事
He often helps me with my English.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助（某人）做……
He often helps mestudyEnglish.
help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)
Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼
6. the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语： be different from
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定）
It takes me an hour to get to my office.
spend time／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）
sb. spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。
They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
8. hundreds of+ 名词复数许多/大量......
数词+hundred + 名词复数几百......
类似的数词还有thousand（千）, million（万）
There are four hundred students in our grade.
There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.
9. during 在…期间
during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend
10. the meaning of …...的意思
Can you tell me the meaning of the words?
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
【重点短语】
1. milk shake 奶昔
2. turn on打开，turn off 关上
3. pour ….into…. 将…...倒入…...
4. a cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶
5. a good idea 一个好主意
6. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上
7. cut up 切碎
8. put… into… 将…... 放入...…
9. one more thing 还有一件事
10. a piece of 一片/一张/一块
11. at this time 在此时
12. a few 几个
13. fill…with… 用… 装满
14. cover…with… 用...…盖住
15. one by one 一个接一个
16. a long time 长时间
17. cut… into pieces 将...…切成碎片
18. add…to（into）… 将...…加到......上（里）
19. mix...together… 将...…混合一在起
20. mix up… 将……混合
21. serve …to… 用...…招待…...
22. half a cup 半杯
23. another ten minutes 另外十分钟
24. peel the banana 剥一个香蕉
【重点句型】
1. Turn on the blender.
启动搅拌器。
2. How do you make a banana milk shake?
你怎样做香蕉奶昔？
3. How many bananas do we need?
我们需要几个香蕉？
4. How much yogurt do we need?
我们需要多少酸奶？
5. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!
啊，该品尝米线了。
6. First,… Then,… Next,… Finally,…
首先……，然后……，接下来……，最后……
7. You can put more if you like.
要是你喜欢，你可以放更多。
8. This is going to taste great.
尝起来会很棒。
9. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles.
为了制作这种特殊的食物，你需要有米线.
10. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
当准备好的时候，把火鸡放在一个大盘子上，然后淋上用调味肉汁。
11. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.
现在，大多数的美国人依然通过一家人吃大餐的方式来庆祝感恩的这个主意。
【重点单词】
blender ['blend?r] n.搅拌器；果汁机
peel [pi?l] vt.剥落；削皮
pour [p??r] v.倒；倾倒
yogurt ['jo?ɡ?rt] n.酸奶
honey ['h?ni] n.蜂蜜
watermelon ['w??t?rmel?n] n.西瓜
spoon [spu?n] n.勺，调羹
add [?d] 增加
finally ['fa?n?li] adv.最后，最终
salt [s??lt] n.盐
sugar ['??ɡ?r] n.糖
cheese [t?i?z] n.干酪，奶酪
popcorn ['pɑ?pk??rn] n.爆米花
corn [k??rn] n.玉米，谷物
machine [m?'?i?n] n.机器
sandwich ['s?nw?t?] n.三明治
butter ['b?t?r] n.黄油，奶油
turkey ['t??rki] n.火鸡
lettuce ['let?s] n.莴苣，生菜
piece [pi?s] n.件；篇；片；块；
traditional [tr?'d???nl] adj.传统的
traveler ['tr?vl?] n.旅行者
England ['??ɡl?nd] n.英格兰；英国
celebrate ['sel?bre?t] v.庆祝；庆贺
pepper ['pep?r] n.胡椒粉；辣椒
oven ['?vn] n.烤箱；烤炉
cover ['k?v?r] n.遮盖，盖子
gravy ['ɡre?vi] n.肉汁；肉汤
serve [s??rv] n.接待，服务
temperature ['tempr?t??r] n.温度，气候
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. cut是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为cut 。
cut up 意为“切碎”
Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.
Cut it /them up.
2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)
turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等)
turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等)
turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等)
3. one more thing 另外一件事情
another ten minutes 再多十分钟
数字+ more + 物品指“另外的……
another + 数字+ 物品指“另外的……
当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用another 。
Give me two more hamburgers？
another two hamburgers
4.forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。
5. It’s a time（for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了
It’s time（for sb.）to do sth.=It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。
It’s a time for you to study English.
It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”
We should give thanks for our parents.
He gave thanks for life and food.
7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by havinga big meal.
by +sth./doing :
1）以…...方式 I study English by listeningto English songs.
2）在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.
3）在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.
4）搭乘 I go to school by bus.
8. Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…”是倒装句
Here is a photo of my family.
Here are+名复
Here are some English books.
当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)
9. fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满(强调动作)
be full of“装满…”(强调状态)
I filledthe cup withthe milk.
The cupis full ofthe milk.
10. put…in(into)… 把…...放到...… 里
11. cover…with… 用…...覆盖
12. cut …into 把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.
cut up… 切碎
13. serve v. 服务 n. service
serve +名/代 “提供…”The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth.= serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人”Serve the guests with some tea.
Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
【重点短语】
1. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午
2. have to 必须
3. prepare for 准备
4. go to the doctor 去看病
5. have the flu 患流感
6. help my parents 给父母帮忙
7. come to the party 参加晚会
8. meet my friend 见朋友
9. go to the party 参加晚会
10. too much homework 太多的家庭作业
11. go to the movies 去看电影
12. another time 下次，另外的时间，别的时间
13. last fall 去年秋天
14. hang out 闲逛
15. after school 放学后
16. on the weekend=on weekends在周末
17. study for a test 备考
18. visit grandparents 拜访爷爷奶奶
19. the day before yesterday 前天
20. the day after tomorrow 后天
21. have a piano lesson 上钢琴课
22. look after 照看
23. make an invitation 制定邀请
24. accept an invitation 接受邀请
turn down （refuse） an invitation 拒绝邀请
25. take a trip to Wuhan 去武汉旅游
26. at the end of this month 在本月底
27. look forward to + doing 期望/渴望
28. the opening of… 开幕/开业
29. reply in writing 写回信
30. go shopping 购物
31. do homework 做作业
32. go to the concert 参加音乐会
33. not…until… 直到......才......
【重点句型】
1. ——Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?星期六下午你能参加我的晚会吗？
——Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry，I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam.当然，我愿意去。/抱歉，我去不了。我必须要为考试做准备。
2. I’m not available. = I’m not free.
我没空。
3. I’m sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.”
看到她离开我很悲伤，这个聚会是表达谢意和离别的最好方式。
4. I already have a great idea about how to do that.我已经有了一个怎样做的好主意。
5. Let me know if you need my help.
让我知道你是否需要我的帮助。
6. Drink lots of hot water and get lots of sleep.
多喝水，多睡觉。
7. What are you doing the day after tomorrow?
后天你要做什么？
8. I’m really busy this week.
本周我的确很忙。
9. I’m afraid I can’t.= I’m afraid not.
恐怕不能。
10. Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.
Sam 要直到下周四才离开。
11. Who are you going to the movies with?
你要和谁一起去看电影？
12. Are you free to come to my place on Saturday?
周六你有空来我那儿吗？
13. Would you like to come to my birthday party?
来参加我的生日派对好吗？
14. As I’m sure you know by now…
正如我确信到现在为止，你知道……
15. Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
把Ms. Steen 来参加聚会而不要告诉她，以至于让她感到惊喜。
16. I look forward to hearing from you all.
我盼望着收到你的信。
17. Our favorite teacher, Ms. Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US.
我们最喜爱的老师，Ms. Steen，就要离开我们回到美国去了。
18. We’re very sad that she’s leaving.
她要离开了，我们非常悲伤。
【重点单词】
prepare [pr?'per] v.预备；准备
exam [?ɡ'z?m] n.考试
available [?'ve?l?bl] a.可得到的；有空的
hang [h??] v.悬挂；(使)低垂
until [?n't?l] conj./prep.直到 ... 的时候；直到…为止
catch [k?t?] v./n.赶上；抓住；捕捉
invite [?n'va?t] v.邀请
accept [?k'sept] v.接受
refuse [r?'fju?z] v.拒绝
invitation [??nv?'te??n] n.邀请；邀请函
reply [r?'pla?] v./n.回答，回复
forward ['f??rw?rd] v.转交；发送 adj.向前的 adv.向前地
delete [d?'li?t] v.删除
preparation [?prep?'re??n] n.准备，准备工作
opening ['o?pn??] n.开幕式，落成典礼
guest [ɡest] n.客人
concert ['kɑ?ns?rt] n.音乐会
headmaster [?hed'm?st?r] n.校长
event [?'vent] n.大事，公开活动
calendar ['k?l?nd?r] n.日历，日程表
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个
one…the other… 表示两者中的另一个
Idon't like this one, can youshow me another?
I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager.
some…others… 表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…”
some…the others… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...”
Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus.
Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus.
2.invite v.邀请 n.invitation
invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”
invite sb. to+地点名词
1) Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last week.
2) Thanks a lot for your invitation
3) Thanks forinviting me to your party.
3.（1）What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号？”It’s +月+日。
（2）What day is it today? 意为“今天是星期几？”It’s + 星期几。
—What’s the date? —It’s September 10th.
—What day is it today?—It’s Wednesday.
4. have a lesson(class) 上课
have an English lesson
5. prepare v.准备 n. preparation
prepare sth. “准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。
prepare for sth. “为……做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备
prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”
6.bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方
take…to …“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。
（两者方向相反）
Bring your homework here, and take the book away.
把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。
7. without（介词）没有反义词：with“具有”
We can’t live without water.
Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.
8. so that +从句：以便于；目的是
I study hard so that I can get good grades.
9. surprise n. 惊奇
surprised adj. 感到惊奇的（指人）
surprising adj. 令人惊奇的（指物）
be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事”
to one’s surprise “令某人惊奇的是”
① I’m surprised at the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。
② To my surprise, he left without leaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。
10. look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing
I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。
I look forward to seeing you again.
11. hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。
I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday.
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.
13. how to do that. “该怎么做”，疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语
I don’t know how to make a banana milk shake.
I don’t know what to do.
14. at the end of “在…末尾”
Now, it is at the end of 2014.
反义短语：at the beginning of “ 在…开始”
15. be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事
I am glad to see you.
16. reply to sb./sth.“回复…”
Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”
【重点语法】
一. 表示邀请的句型
1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?
2. Would you like to..( Would you liketo my party)?
接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.
拒绝:：① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由)
② I’d love/like to, but I … (理由)
3.I’m afraid not. I…(理由)
二. must与have to
1. must 表示主观“必须”；must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或don't have to (不必) 。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.
2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要)
—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗？
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.

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【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.have a great time 意为“玩得愉快”，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice time
have a great / good time in (doing) sth. 做某事很开心
2. ask sb.（not）to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事
The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homework.
3. order sth. from +地点“从某地订购食物”
I want to order some books from the book store.
4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密
5. unless conj.除非；如果不
unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事。=if...not
The concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon.
6.be afraid to do sth. 害怕干某事
I’m afraid to speak in front of other people.
be afraid of sth. 害怕某事
He told me not to be afraid of difficulties.
be afraid +that从句
I’m afraid that I can’t finish on time
7. be angry with sb.
We were angry with him for keeping us waiting.
be angry at/about sth.
He is angry at/about your answer.
I was very angry at what he said.
8. in the end 最后；终于= at last/ finally
at the end of 在...末端；到...尽头
He married the nice girl in the end/at last/finally.
The school is at the end of the street.
9. careless adj.粗心的；反义词：careful，意为“小心的” 。
The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。
He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。
10. advise v.“劝告；建议”n. advice, 是不可数名词.
Give me some advice!
advise doing sth. 建议做某事。
advise sb.（not）to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事
I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。
I advise him not to sleep late every day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉。
11. It’s best (not) to do sth. 最好（不）做某事
It’s best to speak English every day.
12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”
13. cut …in half “切成两半”
【重点语法】
if条件句
if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句，if从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。

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注意：在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时。
PS：在when（当…时候）, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。
如： I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。