The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not randombut is a measureof the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we defineresidence time as the average time for awater molecule to pass through one ofthe three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean— we see that the timesare very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days intheatmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in theocean. Thislast figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principalreservoir of the hydrosphere butalso the rapidity of water transport on thecontinents.
A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of waterover the continents.Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and somemagnesium are dissolved andtransported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron,and silicon stay where they are and form thethin, fertile skin of soil on whichvegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed andtransported mechanicallyduring flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from twocloselylinked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion.Theirrespective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.
1. The word modifying in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) changing
(B) traveling
(C) describing
(D) destroying
2. The word which in line 5 refers to
(A) clouds
(B) oceans
(C) continents
(D) compounds
3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water
(A) precipitating onto the ground
(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state
(C) evaporating from the oceans
(D) being carried by wind
4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network (line8) is to
(A) determine the size of molecules of water
(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding
(C) move water from the Earth's surface to the oceans
(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers
5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through thecycle, as discussed
in the third paragraph?
(A) The potential energy contained in water
(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds
(C) The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents
(D) The relative size of the water storage areas
6. The word rapidity in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) significance
(B) method
(C) swiftness
(D) reliability
7. The word they in line 24 refers to
(A) insoluble ions
(B) soluble ions
(C) soils
(D) continents
8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT
(A) magnesium
(B) iron
(C) potassium
(D) calcium
9. The word efficiency in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) relationship
(B) growth
(C) influence
(D) effectiveness
PASSAGE 2 AACCD CABD
托福阅读真题3
PASSAGE 3
The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled atbasketry, using the reeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them tofashion articles of all sorts and sizes — notonly trays, containers, and cookingpots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonialobjects.
Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or nearthe coast duringthe 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts ofthe same region to this day. Theymade baskets three feet in diameter and othersno bigger than a thimble. The Pomo people weremasters of decoration. Some oftheir baskets were completely covered with shell pendants;others with feathersthat made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover,thePomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors.Most groups madeall their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexiblehorizontal material, called a weft,around stiffer vertical strands of material,the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling — aprocess in which a continuouscoil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tightwrapping offlexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal easeandfrequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on thebasic twining process,often employing more than one of them in a singlearticle.
Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people usedonly a few. Thewarp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weftwas sedge root, a woodyfiber that could easily be separated into strands nothicker than a thread. For color, the Pomopeople used the bark of redbud fortheir twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiledwork. Though othermaterials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in theirfinestbasketry.
If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designswere amazinglyvaried. Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen totwenty distinct patternsthat could be combined in a number of differentways.
1. What best distinguished Pomo baskets

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标题：TOEFL阅读理解|托福阅读真题精选( 二 )