阅读理解A节命题常考点文章的转折处也是体现作者真实意图和观

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5. 转折处常考

文章的转折处也是体现作者真实意图和观点的地方，转折一般通过but，however，on the contrary，yet，as a matter of fact等引出。

①One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. ②Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” ③But what will be the nature of that difference? ④Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. ⑤If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.　

【2011年Text 1】

25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels _______.

[A] doubtful [B] enthusiastic [C] confident [D] puzzled

[分析] 针对现场音乐会的危机，该段指出现场音乐会管理者可能会采取的应对措施，可作者却不看好这些措施。句③中的but表明作者对这些措施的质疑：这些措施没有本质的改变。作者接着在句④、⑤说明自己的看法：增加曲目显然是不够的，要想取得成功就得改变乐团和潜在观众之间的关系。与其说作者提出一种建议，不如说作者表达了一种无望的情绪，因为现今唱片普及，无论乐团怎么改变，其潜在观众都不会有大幅增加。可见作者对于Gilbert能否重振爱乐乐团是持怀疑态度的，故选项[A]正确。

6. 修辞处常考

考研阅读理解A节的文章多富于思辨性，逻辑严谨，思维缜密。为使抽象的内容形象生动，加深读者的印象，作者在写作时常会运用一定的修辞手法。这些修辞手法包括比喻、排比、设问等，也是考研的命题点之一。

①Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? ②That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? ③That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? ④Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

【2005年Text 2】

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ______.

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

[分析] 该段指出过去许多美国人在吸烟问题上由于不相信科学早早辞世。该段的前三句是一组排比句，句②、③为省略句，与句①中insisted后的that从句一起，共同作insisted的并列宾语，均为对吸烟致命论持怀疑态度者的观点。句③提到，怀疑者们认为反对吸烟的游说破坏了人们的生活方式，即暗示人们有选择吸烟这种生活方式的自由，由此可知正确选项为[C]。

7. 特殊词语处常考

考研阅读理解A节常考查考生对一些词语和句意的理解，其中词语考查包括超纲词、熟词僻义、短语以及关系代词等。这类题目的解题关键在于通过词汇所在的上下文推断出其意思。

For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.　

【2010年Text 3】

34. The underlined phrase “these people” in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who_________.

[A] stay outside the network of social influence

[B] have little contact with the source of influence

[C] are influenced and then influence others

[D] are influenced by the initial influential

[分析] 该段文字为作者关于社会潮流传播的观点。these people所在句说明了形成社会潮流的真正因素：每一个直接受到有影响力人士影响的人（each person so affected）必须影响他们身边的熟人（must then influence his or her own acquaintances），这些受到影响的人又要进一步去影响他们的熟人（must in turn influence theirs），如此延续。而这些人（these people）受到的关注则与那些最初有影响力的人没有关系。these people就近指代前文提到的acquaintances who must in turn influence theirs，即那些受到身边人影响进而继续影响他人的人，故选项[C]正确。

8. 长难句处常考

英语是一种形合语言，注重语句形式上的连接，因此，英语句子以主谓结构为主干，以谓语动词为中心，通过动词不定式、分词、介词、连词、关系代词、关系副词等把句子其他成分连缀在一起。由于这一原因，英语文章中的长句并不鲜见，有的多达四五十词。正因为其关系复杂、信息庞大，考生常常视其为畏途，然而它们偏偏受到命题者的青睐。对于长难句，考生要通过梳理各个语法成分之间的关系，来准确理解句意。如上面2010年Text 3的第34题，these people所在句就是一个嵌套定语从句的长长的并列句。

以上所述的这些常考点之间也经常存在重叠交叉之处，比如2011年Text 4第40题命题点所在处既是长难句处，又是转折处，还是类比处。对于这些多重身份的考点，考生更应予以特别注意，在平时训练时提高相应的敏感度。