THU生活英语慕课|名著精读｜《野性的呼唤》第一章

_本文原题：名著精读｜《野性的呼唤》第一章
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介
The Call of the Wild ，中文译名《野性的呼唤》，是美国作家杰克·伦敦创作的的中篇小说。作品讲述巴克原是米勒法官家的一只爱犬，经过了文明的教化，一直生活在美国南部加州一个温暖的山谷里。后被卖到美国北部寒冷偏远、盛产黄金的阿拉斯加，成了一只拉雪橇的狗。该作以一只狗的经历表现文明世界的狗在主人的逼迫下回到野蛮，写的是狗，也反映人的世界。该作延续了杰克·伦敦小说的“生存”主题：生命总是在不断挣扎求存的过程中获得意义与力量。
（部分内容来自百度百科）

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情节概要
从小娇生惯养的巴克因缘际会被贩卖到美洲北部的荒原当雪橇狗。初入蛮荒的巴克留恋南方锦衣玉食的优渥生活，却被残酷的现实折磨得遍体鳞伤。严峻异常的环境动摇了巴克对人类及人类文明的依恋，而从前被掩埋的向大自然回归的本能和天性逐渐显露。恶劣的生存环境、棍棒与利齿的法则锻炼了巴克，他在历练中不断成长，身体内潜藏的野性不断迸发；最终在一场突如其来的血战中，他不负众望战胜狗王斯匹茨，坐上了拉雪橇狗群中的头把交椅。当残暴的哈尔将巴克打得遍体鳞伤、奄奄一息时，约翰·桑顿的解救让巴克感受到来自人类温暖。巴克决定誓死效忠恩主，但恩主的遇害彻底打碎了巴克对于人类最后一点脆弱的信任。他挣脱束缚，听从本心，毅然走向荒野，回归自然。

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1
Into the Primitive
初入蛮荒
Buckdid not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing（酝酿）, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego. Because men, groping（摸索；向前走）in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland. These men wanted dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles by which to toil（v. 跋涉；苦干 n .苦工）, and furry coats to protect them from the frost.
好句翻译：这是因为在北极的无边黑暗里摸索探寻的人们发现了一种诱人的黄色金属；也因为轮船交通公司的大肆宣传，成千上万的淘金者正蜂拥而至。
Bucklived at a big house in the sun-kissedSanta Clara Valley. Judge Miller’s place, it was called. It stood backfrom the road, half hidden among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught ofthe wide cool veranda（遮沿）that ran aroundits four sides. The house was approachedby gravelled（砾石铺的）driveways which wound about（蜿蜒而过）through wide-spreading lawns and under the interlacing（编结交错的）boughs of tall poplars（杨树）.At the rear things were on even a more spacious（roomy ， capacious)scale than at the front. There were great stables（生义：马厩；养马场）, where a dozen grooms and boys held forth（生义：侃侃而谈）, rows of vine-clad servants’ cottages, an endless and orderly array（一大群；大量）of outhouses, long grape arbors, green pastures, orchards（果园）, and berry patches. Then there was the pumping plant（泵站）for the artesian well（自流井）, and the big cement tank where Judge Miller’s boys took their morning plunge and kept cool in the hot afternoon.分页标题
好句翻译：它远离大路，绿树掩映，透过斑斑驳驳的树影，依稀能看到那环绕房子四周、给人带来阴凉的宽阔遮沿。砾石子铺就的小径曲曲折折穿过开阔草坪，直抵门口，任由交织成阴的杨树投下婆娑凉影。
「其中拟人的写景手法：stood back ， ran around its four sides, the house was approached by... 」
Andover this great demesne（地区；地域）Buck ruled. Here he was born, and here he had lived the four years of his life. It was true, there were other dogs, There could not but be other dogs on so vast a place, but they did not count（生义：起作用；举足轻重）. They came and went, resided（区分：reside, dwell, inhabit, lodge, settle）in the populous（近义：dense-populated) kennels（狗窝；犬舍）, or lived obscurely in the recesses of the house after the fashion of Toots, the Japanese pug, or Ysabel, the Mexican hairless,—strange creatures that rarely put nose out of doors or set foot to ground. On the other hand, there were the fox terriers, a score of them at least, who yelped fearful promises（生义：迹象，这里应该指恐吓的信号）at Toots and Ysabel looking out of the windows at them and protected by a legion（大量；大批）of housemaids armed with brooms and mops.
ButBuck was neither house-dog nor kennel-dog. The whole realm(近义：domain, territory,demesne领土；领地）was his. He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge’s sons; he escorted（护卫；护送）Mollie and Alice, the Judge’s daughters, on long twilight（黄昏；薄暮）or early morning rambles（近义：roam, stroll 漫游；闲谈）; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge’s feet before the roaring library fire ; he carried the Judge’s grandsons on his back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through wild adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even beyond, where the paddocks（小围场）were, and the berry patches. Among the terriers he stalked（近义：stride 趾高气扬地走）【THU生活英语慕课|名著精读｜《野性的呼唤》第一章】imperiously（近义：arrogantly, arbitrarily傲慢地；专横地）, and Toots and Ysabel he utterly ignored, for he was king,—king over all creeping, crawling, flying things of Judge Miller’s place, humans included.
好句翻译：他与法官的儿子们一同扎进游泳池，一同出猎；他陪伴法官的女儿茉莉和爱丽丝在晨曦或薄暮漫步；数九寒冬的夜晚，他就依偎在法官脚边，烘烤着资料室里熊熊的炉火。
「这个句子用一系列排比句勾勒出巴克优渥而充实的早年生活图景；其中一系列动词的使用更是使画面如在眼前。」
Hisfather, Elmo, a huge St. Bernard, had been the Judge’s inseparable companion, and Buck bid fair to（有望）follow in the way of his father. He was not so large,—he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds,—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scotch shepherd dog. Nevertheless, one hundred and forty pounds, to which was added the dignity that comes of good living and universal respect, enabled him to carry himself in right royal fashion. During the four years since his puppyhood he had lived the life of a sated aristocrat（贵族）; he had a fine pride in himself, was even a trifle（琐事） egotistical（傲慢自负的）, as country gentlemen sometimes become because of their insular（保守的；只关心本国利益的）situation. But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere pampered（近义：spoiled, coddled 被精心护理的；被娇惯的）house-dog. Hunting and kindred（类似的；相似的）outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles; and to him, as to the cold-tubbing races, the love of water had been a tonic（补药）and a health preserver（保健品）.分页标题
好句翻译：出猎和其他类似的户外活动让他免于变得肥头大耳，反而筋骨强健；对他来说，就像那些喜欢冷水浴的物种们一样，对水的情有独钟成了他的补药和保健品。
「此句将巴克对水的喜爱比做补药与滋补品，化抽象为具体，也为后文巴克跃入蛮荒后的出色表现埋下伏笔。」
Andthis was the manner（举止；行为）of dog Buck was in the fall of 1897, when the Klondike strike（这里应理解为令人震惊的发现）dragged men from all the world into the frozen North. But Buck did not read the newspapers, and he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener’s helpers, was an undesirable acquaintance（认识的人）. Manuel had one besetting sin（罪恶）. He loved to play Chinese lottery. Also, in his gambling, he had one besetting weakness—faith in a system; and this made his damnation certain. For to play a system requires money, while the wages of a gardener’s helper do not lap over（近义：overlap 超过；使重叠）the needs of a wife and numerous progeny（近义：descendent, offspring 子孙；后代）.
TheJudge was at a meeting of the Raisin Growers’ Association, and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club, on the memorable night of Manuel’s treachery（背叛）. No one saw him and Buck go off through the orchard on what Buck imagined was merely a stroll（近义：ramble ，roam 散步；漫步）. And with the exception of a solitary man, no one saw them arrive at the little flag station known as College Park. This man talked with Manuel, and money chinked（叮当作响）between them.
“Youmight wrap up the goods before you deliver ’m,” the stranger said gruffly（粗暴地；粗声地）, and Manuel doubled a piece of stout rope around Buck’s neck under the collar.
“Twistit, an’ you’ll choke（勒死；窒息）’m plentee,” said Manuel, and the stranger grunted（嘟囔着）a ready affirmative.
Buckhad accepted the rope with quiet dignity. To be sure, it was an unwonted（不平常的；罕见的）performance: but he had learned to trust in men he knew, and to give them credit for（相信）a wisdom that outreached his own. But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger’s hands, he growled menacingly（威胁地；恐吓地）. He had merely intimated his displeasure, in his pride believing that to intimate（v. 表示；暗示 adj. 亲密的）was to command. But to his surprise the rope tightened around his neck, shutting off his breath. In quick rage he sprangat the man, who met him halfway, grappled（扭打；设法努力解决）him close by the throat, and with a deft（近义：skilled, proficient 熟练的) twist threw him over on his back. Then the rope tightened mercilessly, while Buck struggled in a fury, his tonguelolling(耷拉；下垂） out of his mouth and his great chest panting（喘息）futilely（近义：unavailing 徒劳地）. Never in all his life had he been so vilely treated, and never in all his life had he been so angry. But his strength ebbed（近义：decline, fail, decay ， recede, fade 衰退；减弱）, his eyes glazed, and he knew nothing when the train was flagged（打旗示意）and the two men threw him into the baggage car.
好句翻译：但令他惊讶的是，那绳子勒得更紧了，以至于他无法呼吸。盛怒之下，他猛的扑向那男人，可刚跳到半空，便被那人死死掐住喉咙，用绳索熟练地甩到了地上，摔了个四脚朝天。然后，绳索更加毫不留情地收紧了，巴克暴怒地挣扎着，舌头从嘴边耷拉下来，胸脯徒劳地起起伏伏。他活到今天，还从没有见识过这么卑劣的把戏，也从未这样怒火中烧。但他却渐渐体力不支了起来，他的双眼逐渐模糊，渐渐失去了意识；火车在旗子的示意下慢慢停下了，两个男人把他丢进了后备箱——这些巴克全都懵然不知。分页标题
「这句话用一连串恰当却又毫不重复的动词描绘出巴克与狗贩子搏斗并最终落败的场景，生动形象；其中 never引导的半倒装句值得我们在写作中借鉴。」
Thenext he knew, he was dimly aware that his tongue was hurting and that he was being jolted（颠簸；唤醒；使受到震惊）along in some kind of a conveyance. The hoarse（嘶哑的）shriek of a locomotive（机车；火车头）whistling a crossing told him where he was. He had travelled too often with the Judge not to know the sensation of riding in a baggage car. He opened his eyes, and into them came the unbridled（无节制的；奔放的）anger of a kidnapped（被绑架的）king. The man sprang for his throat, but Buck was too quick for him. His jaws closed on the hand, nor did they relax till his senses were choked out of him once more.
“Yep, hasfits【生义：（疾病）突发；（感情）爆发；昏厥；痉挛。在这里可以指疯狗病发作】,” the man said, hiding his mangled（压碎的；撕烂的；严重损坏的）hand from the baggageman, who had been attracted by the sounds of struggle. “I’m takin’ ’m up for the boss to ’Frisco. A crack dog-doctor there thinks that he can cure ’m.”
Concerningthat night’s ride, the man spoke most eloquently（近义：articulate, expansive 雄辩地；表达生动地）for himself, in a little shed back of a saloon on the San Francisco water front（海滨；海岸线）.
“AllI get is fifty for it,” he grumbled（近义：grunt 咕哝；嘟囔）; “an’ I wouldn’t do it over for a thousand, cold cash.”
Hishand was wrapped in a bloody handkerchief, and the right trouser leg was ripped from knee to ankle.
“Howmuch did the other mug get?” the saloon-keeper demanded（生义：盘问）.
“Ahundred,” was the reply. “Wouldn’t take a sou less, so help me.”
“Thatmakes a hundred and fifty,” the saloon-keeper calculated; “and he’s worth it, or I’m a squarehead（笨蛋；无能的人）.”
Thekidnapper undid the bloody wrappings and looked at his lacerated（划破的；割裂的）hand. “If I don’t get the hydrophoby（狂犬病）—”
“It’llbe because you was born to hang,” laughed the saloon-keeper. “Here, lend me a hand before you pull your freight（货物；货运；运费）,” he added.
Dazed, suffering intolerable pain from throat and tongue, with the life half throttled out of him, Buck attempted to face his tormentors（施虐者）. But he was thrown down and choked repeatedly, till they succeeded in filing the heavy brass collar from off his neck. Then the rope was removed, and he was flung into a cagelike crate（大木箱）.
Therehe lay for the remainder(rest) of the weary night, nursing his wrath（近义：rage, fury 盛怒；震怒）and wounded pride. He could not understand what it all meant. What did they want with him, these strange men? Why were they keeping him pent up（幽禁）in this narrow crate? He did not know why, but he felt oppressed by the vague sense of impending（近义：imminent, upcoming, pending, at hand, in store 即将发生的）calamity（近义：disaster, catastrophe, suffering 灾难；灾祸）. Several times during the night he sprang to his feet when the shed door rattled open, expecting to see the Judge, or the boys at least. But each time it was the bulging（鼓起的）face of the saloon-keeper that peered in（生义：仔细看；端详）at him by the sickly light of a tallow candle. And each time the joyful bark that trembled in Buck’s throat was twisted into a savage（近义：cruel, brutal, atrocious,ferocious 凶恶的；凶残的）growl.分页标题
Butthe saloon-keeper let him alone, and in the morning four men entered and picked up the crate. More tormentors, Buck decided（生义：断定；笃定）, for they were evil-looking creatures, ragged（脏乱的；衣衫褴褛的）and unkempt（不整洁的；脏乱的）; and he stormed（生义：冲向）and raged（这里指暴怒地咆哮）at them through the bars. They only laughed and poked sticks at him, which he promptly assailed（攻击；使困扰） with his teeth till he realized that that was what they wanted. Whereupon（然后；于是；因此）he lay down sullenly（愠怒地；阴沉地）and allowed the crate to be lifted into a wagon. Then he, and the crate in which he was imprisoned, began a passage（生义：章节；段落；通道；缝隙。在这里指巴克开始了被人层层转卖的历程）through many hands. Clerks in the express（区分：expression） office took charge of him; he was carted about in another wagon; a truck carried him, with an assortment of（近义：a variety of, various, all sorts of ， a fund of ， a score of , a legion of 各种各样)boxes and parcels, upon a ferry steamer（汽船）; he was trucked off the steamer into a great railway depot（储藏处；仓库；车库）, and finally he was deposited in an express car.
好句翻译：好几个晚上，当仓库吱吱作响的房门被打开时，巴克都立即跳起身来，期待从门后看见法官的身影，或者那些男孩子也行。但每次他看到的都是沙龙老板那张臃肿的面孔；他端着涂满油脂的蜡烛，藉着昏暗的烛光玩味般打量着巴克。每一次在巴克喉头颤动的欢快叫喊，都在看到那恶人的一瞬间转化成了恶魔般的怒吼。
Fortwo days and nights this express car was dragged along at the tail of shrieking locomotives; and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank. In his anger he had met the first advances（生义：接近）of the express messengers with growls, and they had retaliated（近义：take vengeance on, revenge, make reprisals 报复；反击）by teasing him. When he flung（原型：fling 扔，抛；气势汹汹地向某人说）himself against the bars, quivering（近义：tremble, quake, vibrate 颤抖；颤动）and frothing, they laughed at him and taunted（近义：tease, jeer at 嘲笑；讽刺；奚落）him. They growled and barked like detestable（可憎的；令人讨厌的）dogs, mewed, and flapped their arms and crowed. It was all very silly, he knew; but therefore the more outrage（近义：wrath, rage, fury) to his dignity, and his anger waxed（本义为给...上蜡，在这里指巴克的怒火越烧越高）and waxed. He did not mind the hunger so much, but the lack of water caused him severe suffering and fanned（生义：激起；煽动）his wrath to fever-pitch（极为激动，狂热）. For that matter, high-strung and finely sensitive, the ill treatment had flung him into a fever, which was fed by the inflammation（炎症）of his parched and swollen throat and tongue.
Hewas glad for one thing: the rope was off his neck. That had given them an unfair advantage; but now that it was off, he would show them. They would never get another rope around his neck. Upon that he was resolved（下定决心的）. For two days and nights he neither ate nor drank, and during those two days and nights of torment, he accumulated a fund of wrath that boded（预示着）ill for whoever first fell foul of him. His eyes turned blood-shot, and he was metamorphosed（使变形，变化）into a raging fiend. So changed was he that the Judge himself would not have recognized him; and the express messengers breathed with relief when they bundled（匆匆送走）him off the train at Seattle.分页标题
好句翻译：他知道，这些挣扎只不过是愚蠢的无用功；但正因如此，他感到他的尊严受到了侵犯，怒火也不可遏制地愈烧愈旺。吃不到饭他倒不怎么在乎，但喝不到水着实令他痛苦万分、怒不可遏。
「这一句里，作者为了表达巴克的怒不可遏，使用了两种用法：一个是 his anger waxed and waxed ，另一个是 fanned his wrath to fever-pitch. 其中 wax和 fan的用法以及 fever-pitch的表达值得我们借鉴。」
Four men gingerly carried the crate from the wagon into a small, high-walled back yard. A stout（肥胖的；肥壮的）man, with a red sweater that sagged（下凹）generously（生义：形容程度深）at the neck, came out and signed the book for the driver. That was the man, Buck divined（猜到）, the next tormentor, and he hurled himself savagely against the bars. The man smiled grimly（冷酷地；严峻地）, and brought a hatchet and a club（生义：棍棒）.
“Youain’t going to take him out now?” the driver asked.
“Sure,” the man replied, driving the hatchet into the crate for a pry.
Therewas an instantaneous scatteringof the four men who had carried it in, and from safe perches on top the wall they prepared to watch the performance.
（1）Buckrushed at the splintering（裂开的）wood, sinking his teeth into it, surging and wrestling with（厮打；全力对付；努力解决）it. Wherever the hatchet fell on the outside, he was there on the inside, snarling（龇牙低吼）and growling, as furiously anxious to get out as the man in the red sweater was calmly intent on getting him out.“Now, you red-eyed devil,” he said, when he had made an opening sufficient for the passage of Buck’s body. At the same time he dropped the hatchet and shifted the club to his right hand.
（2）And Buck was truly a red-eyed devil, as he drew（生义：拖，拉。在这里指巴克绷紧了全身肌肉）himself together for the spring, hair bristling, mouth foaming, a mad glitter in his blood-shot（充血的）eyes. Straight at the man he launched his one hundred and forty pounds of fury, surcharged with the pent（被关闭的；积蓄的）passion of two days and nights. In mid air, just as his jaws were about to close on the man, he received a shock that checked（生义：控制；抑制同为生义：contain）his body and brought his teeth together with an agonizing（令人痛苦的）clip. He whirledover, fetching（这里指巴克的背部和腹部来回接触地面，用来描述巴克痛苦地打滚儿的样子）the ground on his back and side. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and did not understand. With a snarl that was part bark and more scream he was again on his feet and launched into the air. And again the shock came and he was brought crushingly to the ground. This time he was aware that it was the club, but his madness knew no caution. A dozen times he charged, and as often the club broke the charge and smashed him down.
Aftera particularly fierce blow（生义：打击；猛击）, he crawled to his feet, too dazed to rush. （3） He staggered（近义：totter, hobble 蹒跚）limply about, the blood flowing from nose and mouth and ears, his beautiful coat（生义：动物皮毛） sprayed and flecked（使斑斑驳驳）with bloody slaver（本义为垂涎，在这里指血斑）. Then the man advanced and deliberately dealt him a frightful blow on the nose. All the pain he had endured was as nothing compared with the exquisite（强烈的；精美的）agony（极度痛苦）of this. With a roar that was almost lionlike in its ferocity（残暴；凶猛）, he again hurled himself at the man. But the man, shifting the club from right to left, coolly caught him by the under jaw, at the same time wrenching（猛拉）downward and backward. Buck described（生义：做出...动作；画出...形状）a complete circle in the air, and half of another, then crashed to the ground on his head and chest.分页标题
Forthe last time he rushed. The man struck the shrewd blow he had purposely withheld（保留；拒绝给予）for so long, and Buck crumpled up and went down, knocked utterly senseless.
好句翻译：（1）巴克朝着那摇摇欲坠的木箱子猛撞过去，撕咬着它，冲撞着它，不顾一切地和它厮打着。
（2）此时的巴克活脱脱是个红眼魔鬼。他绷紧肌肉，纵身一跃，毛发直竖，血沫横飞，布满血丝的眼睛里满是恨意。
（3）他蹒跚而前，口鼻喷血，油光水滑的皮毛布满斑斑驳驳的血痕。
「这三句话在描写巴克的一连串情态时并未使用简单的并列句，而是巧妙使用了多重现在分词（sinking, bristling等）或过去分词（sprayed, flecked)等非谓语结构，使句子主体突出、结构明晰，也凸显了文章句式的多样性。」
“He’sno slouch at dog-breakin’, that’s wot I say,” one of the men on the wall cried（生义：大喊；呼吁）enthusiastically.
“Drutherbreak cayuses any day, and twice on Sundays,” was the reply of the driver, as he climbed on the wagon and started the horses.
Buck’ssenses came back to him, but not his strength. He lay where he had fallen, and from there he watched the man in the red sweater.
“‘Answersto the name of Buck,’” the man soliloquized（自言自语）, quoting from the saloon-keeper’s letter which had announced the consignment（装运的货物；发送；投递）of the crate and contents. “Well, Buck, my boy,” he went on in a genial（近义：friendly, cordial, amiable)voice, “we’ve had our little ruction, and the best thing we can do is to let it go at that. You’ve learned your place, and I know mine. （1）Be a good dog and all ’ll go well and the goose hang high（习语：前途无量）. Be a bad dog, and I’ll whale the stuffin’ outa you. Understand?”
Ashe spoke he fearlessly patted the head he had so mercilessly pounded（生义：反复击打）, and though Buck’s hair involuntarily bristled（近义：enrage, infuriate 被激怒）at touch of the hand, he endured it without protest. When the man brought him water he drank eagerly, and later bolted a generous meal of raw meat, chunk by chunk, from the man’s hand.
（2）He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken. He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. That club was a revelation. It was his introduction（这里可以理解为入门课程）to the reign(近义：rule,dominate,govern 统治；管理)of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway. The facts of life took on a fiercer aspect; and while he faced that aspect uncowed（毫不畏惧的）, he faced it with all the latent（potential, masked) cunning（狡黠）of his nature aroused. As the days went by, other dogs came, in crates and at the ends of ropes, some docilely, and some raging and roaring as he had come; and, one and all, he watched them pass under the dominion of the man in the red sweater. Again and again, as he looked at each brutal performance, the lesson was driven home（这里指深入巴克内心）to Buck: a man with a club was a lawgiver, a master to be obeyed, though not necessarily conciliated（安抚）. Of this last Buck was never guilty, though he did see beaten dogs that fawned upon（恭维；讨好）the man, and wagged their tails, and licked his hand. Also he saw one dog, that would neither conciliate nor obey, finally killed in the struggle for mastery.分页标题
Nowand again men came, strangers, who talked excitedly, wheedlingly, and in all kinds of fashions（生义：方式）to the man in the red sweater. And at such times that money passed between them the strangers took one or more of the dogs away with them. Buck wondered where they went, for they never came back; but the fear of the future was strong upon him, and he was glad each time when he was not selected.
Yethis time came, in the end, in the form of a little weazened man who spat（spit) broken English and many strange and uncouth（近义：rude, crude,impolite,ignorant,unpleasant 粗鲁的；无礼的） exclamations which Buck could not understand.
“Sacredam!” he cried, when his eyes lit upon Buck. “Dat one dam bully dog! Eh? How moch?”
“Threehundred, and a present at that,” was the prompt reply of the man in the red sweater. “And seem’ it’s government money, you ain’t got no kick coming, eh, Perrault?”
Perraultgrinned（龇牙笑）. Considering that the price of dogs had been boomed skyward by the unwonted demand, it was not an unfair sum for so fine an animal. The Canadian Government would be no loser, nor would its despatches（速遣；发运）travel the slower. Perrault knew dogs, and when he looked at Buck he knew that he was one in a thousand—“One in ten t’ousand,” he commented mentally.
Bucksaw money pass between them, and was not surprised when Curly, a good-natured Newfoundland, and he were led away by the little weazened man. That was the last he saw of the man in the red sweater, and as Curly and he looked at receding(近义：fading 逐渐减弱）Seattle from the deck of the Narwhal, it was the last he saw of the warm Southland. Curly and he were taken below by Perrault and turned over to a black-faced giant called Fran?ois. Perrault was a French-Canadian, and swarthy（深肤色的）; but Fran?ois was a French-Canadian half-breed, and twice as swarthy. They were a new kind of men to Buck (of which he was destined to see many more), and while he developed【生义：培养（感情）；（疾病）侵袭；开始影响】no affection（感情；喜爱）for them, he none the less grew honestly to respect them. He speedily learned that Perrault and Fran?ois were fair men, calm and impartial in administering justice, and too wise in the way of dogs to be fooled by dogs.
好句翻译：（1）当个乖狗狗，日后前途无量。
（2）他的肉体被击倒了，但他的内心不曾屈服。
Inthe ’tween-decks of the Narwhal, Buck and Curly joined two other dogs. One of them was a big, snow-white fellow from Spitzbergen who had been brought away by a whaling captain, and who had later accompanied a Geological Survey into the Barrens. He was friendly, in a treacherous（阴险的；背叛的）sort of way, smiling into one’s face the while he meditated some underhand trick, as, for instance, when he stole from Buck’s food at the first meal. As Buck sprang to punish him, the lash of Fran?ois’s whip sang（生义：发出嗖嗖声）through the air, reaching the culprit（肇事者）first; and nothing remained to Buck but to recover（生义：追回赃物）the bone. That was fair of Fran?ois, he decided, and the half-breed began his rise in Buck’s estimation.分页标题
Theother dog made no advances, nor received any; also, he did not attempt to steal from the newcomers. He was a gloomy, morose（阴郁的）fellow, and he showed Curly plainly that all he desired was to be left alone, and further, that there would be trouble if he were not left alone. “Dave” he was called, and he ate and slept, or yawned（打哈欠）between times, and took interest in nothing, not even when the Narwhal crossed Queen Charlotte Sound（生义：水域；海峡，海湾）and rolled and pitched and bucked（都可表示颠簸、摇晃）like a thing possessed. When Buck and Curly grew excited, half wild with fear, he raised his head as though annoyed, favored them with an incurious glance, yawned, and went to sleep again.
好句翻译：他吃了就睡，偶尔哈欠几声，颇为与世无争。当轮船穿过夏洛特女王海峡时，船身颠簸摇晃，像被玩弄于鼓掌；但即使是这样，他依然淡定异常。
「在描写一系列动作时，短句与并列句的组合往往能使文章读起来气势十足、朗朗上口；而若想特别强调某些内容，同义词的并列（rolled, pitched,bucked)也是个不错的选择。」
Dayand night the ship throbbed（有规律地搏动）to the tireless pulse of the propeller（螺旋桨）, and though one day was very like another, it was apparent to Buck that the weather was steadily growing colder. At last, one morning, the propeller was quiet, and the Narwhal was pervaded（渗透；弥漫）with an atmosphere of excitement. He felt it, as did the other dogs, and knew that a change was at hand. Fran?ois leashed them and brought them on deck. At the first step upon the cold surface, Buck’s feet sank into a white mushy something very like mud. He sprang back with a snort（喷鼻息；哼）. More of this white stuff was falling through the air. He shook himself, but more of it fell upon him. He sniffed（嗅；闻）it curiously, then licked some up on his tongue. It bit like fire, and the next instant was gone. This puzzled（近义：confuse, baffle, perplex) him. He tried it again, with the same result. The onlookers laughed uproariously, and he felt ashamed, he knew not why, for it was his first snow.
好句翻译：那玩意儿（雪）尝起来像火焰，但转瞬间便消失了。
「将冰雪比作火焰——这种相反相成的比喻手法着实令人眼前一亮，与《百年孤独》中对初次触摸冰块感受的描写颇有异曲同工之妙。」
高分写作加油站

本文插图
熟词生义
stable（生义：马厩；养马场）
hold forth（生义：侃侃而谈）
promise（生义：迹象。这里应该指恐吓的信号）
fit【生义：（疾病）突发；（感情）爆发；昏厥；痉挛。在这里可以指疯狗病发作】
demand（生义：盘问）
peer in（生义：仔细看；端详）
decide（生义：断定；笃定）
storm（生义：冲向）
passage（生义：章节；段落；通道；缝隙。在这里指巴克开始了被人层层转卖的历程）
advance（生义：接近）
fan（生义：激起；煽动）
generous（生义：形容程度深）
cry（生义：大喊；呼吁）
club（生义：棍棒）
draw（生义：拖，拉。在这里指巴克绷紧了全身肌肉）
check（生义：控制；抑制同为生义：contain）分页标题
blow（生义：打击；猛击）
coat（生义：动物皮毛）
describe（生义：做出…动作；画出...形状）
pound（生义：反复击打）
fashion（生义：方式）
develop【生义：培养（感情）；（疾病）侵袭；开始影响】
sing（生义：发出嗖嗖声）
recover（生义：追回赃物）
Sound（生义：水域；海峡，海湾）

本文插图
同义替换
定居：reside, dwell, inhabit, lodge, settle
趾高气扬地走：stalk ， stride
傲慢地、专横地：imperiously ， arrogantly, arbitrarily
被精心护理的、被娇惯的：pampered ， spoiled, coddled
子孙、后代：progeny ， descendent, offspring
散步、漫步：stroll ， ramble ，roam
徒劳的：futile ， unavailing
衰退、减弱：ebbed ， decline, fail, decay ， recede, fade
雄辩的、表达生动的：eloquent ， articulate, expansive
咕哝、嘟囔：grumble ， grunt
即将发生的：impending ， imminent, upcoming, pending, at hand, in store
灾难、灾祸：calamity ， disaster, catastrophe, suffering
凶恶的、凶残的：savage ， cruel, brutal, atrocious, ferocious
各种各样：an assortment of ， a variety of, various, all sorts of ， a fund of ， a score of , a legion of
报复、反击：retaliated, take vengeance on, revenge, make reprisals
颤抖、颤动： quiver ， tremble, quake, vibrate
嘲笑、讽刺、奚落：taunt ， tease, jeer at
盛怒：outrage ， wrath, rage, fury
蹒跚：stagger ， totter, hobble
和蔼的、友善的：genial ， friendly, cordial, amiable
激怒：bristle ， enrage, infuriate
统治、管理：reign ， rule, dominate, govern
隐藏的、潜在的：latent ， potential, masked
粗鲁的、无礼的：uncouth ， rude, crude, impolite, ignorant, unpleasant
阴郁的：gloomy, morose
使困惑：puzzle ， confuse, baffle, perplex
动词总结
在第一章中，作者行文中使用了大量地道的动词。就让我们一起来学习一下吧。
Grope 摸索；向前走
boom 爆炸式增长；繁荣
rush 迅速移动；仓促做某事
Wind about 蜿蜒而过
plunge 骤降；跌入；卷入
escort 守卫；护卫
stalk 趾高气扬地走；偷偷接近
Stroll 散步；遛达
bid fair to 有望
drag 拖；拉；拽
lap over 超过；使重叠
chink 叮当作响
choke 勒死；窒息
grunt/grumble 嘟囔
growl 嚎叫
intimate 表示；暗示
Grapple 扭打；设法努力解决
Loll 耷拉；下垂
pant 喘息
glaze （眼神）变呆滞；发呆；使光滑
Jolt 颠簸；唤醒；使受到震惊
pent up 幽禁
bulge 凸出；塞满
rattle 吱吱作响；使恐慌；使恐惧
peer in 仔细看；端详
twist 使扭曲；使变形
Spring 弹跳；跳起
storm/charge 冲向
assail 攻击；使困扰
retaliate 复仇；报复
Fling 扔，抛；气势汹汹地向某人说
quiver/tremble 颤抖；颤动
froth 口吐白沫；使起泡沫
taunt/tease 嘲笑；讽刺；奚落
Wax 本义为给…上蜡，在这里指巴克的怒火越烧越高
Fan 激起；煽动
bode 预示着
metamorphose 使变形，变化分页标题
bundle 匆匆送走
divine 猜到
scatter 散开
Wrestle with 厮打；全力对付；努力解决
snarl 龇牙低吼
Bristle 被激怒；（毛发）竖起
foam 起泡沫
whirl 使旋转；（头脑）恍惚不清
Fetch 这里指巴克的背部和腹部来回接触地面，用来描述巴克痛苦地打滚儿的样子
smash 打碎；猛烈撞击
crawl 爬；缓慢行进
stagger 蹒跚
advance 前进；靠近
wrench 猛拉
crash 碰撞
withhold 保留；拒绝给予
crumple 压皱；哭丧着脸
Cry 大喊；呼吁
Soliloquize 自言自语
pound 反复击打
reign 统治
conciliate 安抚
fawn upon 恭维；讨好
spit 吐；唾
despatch 速遣；发运
Recede 逐渐减弱
Develop 发展；培养（感情）；（疾病）侵袭；开始影响
Meditate 谋划；冥想
recover 追回赃物
yawn 打哈欠
roll/pitch/buck 颠簸
Throb 有规律地搏动
pervade 渗透；弥漫
leash 拴住；缚住
snort 喷鼻息；哼
sniff 嗅；闻
puzzle 使疑惑；使不解
好句翻译与赏析
1.Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland.
好句翻译：这是因为在北极的无边黑暗里摸索探寻的人们发现了一种诱人的黄色金属；也因为轮船交通公司的大肆宣传，成千上万的淘金者正蜂拥而至。
2.It stood back from the road, half hidden among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught of the wide cool veranda that ran around its four sides. The house was approached by gravelled driveways which wound about through wide-spreading lawns and under the interlacing boughs of tall poplars.
好句翻译：它远离大路，绿树掩映，透过斑斑驳驳的树影，依稀能看到那环绕房子四周、给人带来阴凉的宽阔遮沿。砾石子铺就的小径曲曲折折穿过开阔草坪，直抵门口，任由交织成阴的杨树投下婆娑凉影。
【其中拟人的写景手法：stood back, ran around its four sides, the house was approached by…】
3.He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge’s sons; he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge’s daughters, on long twilight or early morning rambles; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge’s feet before the roaring library fire.
好句翻译：他与法官的儿子们一同扎进游泳池，一同出猎；他陪伴法官的女儿茉莉和爱丽丝在晨曦或薄暮漫步；数九寒冬的夜晚，他就依偎在法官脚边，烘烤着资料室里熊熊的炉火。
【这个句子用一系列排比句勾勒出巴克优渥而充实的早年生活图景；其中一系列动词的使用更是使画面如在眼前。】
4.Hunting and kindred outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles; and to him, as to the cold-tubbing races, the love of water had been a tonic and a health preserver.
好句翻译：出猎和其他类似的户外活动让他免于变得肥头大耳，反而筋骨强健；对他来说，就像那些喜欢冷水浴的物种们一样，对水的情有独钟成了他的补药和保健品。
【此句将巴克对水的喜爱比做补药与滋补品，化抽象为具体，也为后面章节中巴克进入蛮荒后的出色表现埋下伏笔。】
5.But to his surprise the rope tightened around his neck, shutting off his breath. In quick rage he sprang at the man, who met him halfway, grappled him close by the throat, and with a deft twist threw him over on his back. Then the rope tightened mercilessly, while Buck struggled in a fury, his tongue lolling out of his mouth and his great chest panting futilely. Never in all his life had he been so vilely treated, and never in all his life had he been so angry. But his strength ebbed, his eyes glazed, and he knew nothing when the train was flagged and the two men threw him into the baggage car.分页标题
好句翻译：但令他惊讶的是，那绳子勒得更紧了，以至于他无法呼吸。盛怒之下，他猛的扑向那男人，可刚跳到半空，便被那人死死掐住喉咙，用绳索熟练地甩到了地上，摔了个四脚朝天。然后，绳索更加毫不留情地收紧了，巴克暴怒地挣扎着，舌头从嘴边耷拉下来，胸脯徒劳地起起伏伏。他活到今天，还从没有见识过这么卑劣的把戏，也从未这样怒火中烧。但他却渐渐体力不支了起来，他的双眼逐渐模糊，一点点失去了意识；火车在旗子的示意下慢慢停下了，两个男人把他丢进了行李箱——这些巴克全都懵然不知。
【这句话用一连串恰当却又毫不重复的动词描绘出巴克与狗贩子搏斗并最终落败的场景，生动形象；其中 never引导的半倒装句值得我们在写作中借鉴。】
6.Several times during the night he sprang to his feet when the shed door rattled open, expecting to see the Judge, or the boys at least. But each time it was the bulging face of the saloon-keeper that peered in at him by the sickly light of a tallow candle. And each time the joyful bark that trembled in Buck’s throat was twisted into a savage growl.
好句翻译：好几个晚上，当仓库吱吱作响的房门被打开时，巴克都立即跳起身来，期待从门后看见法官的身影——或者那些男孩子也行。但每次他看到的都是沙龙老板那张臃肿的面孔；他端着涂满油脂的蜡烛，藉着昏暗的烛光玩味般打量着巴克。每一次在巴克喉头颤动的欢快叫喊，都在看到那恶人的一瞬间转化成了恶魔般的怒吼。
7.It was all very silly, he knew; but therefore the more outrage to his dignity, and his anger waxed and waxed. He did not mind the hunger so much, but the lack of water caused him severe suffering and fanned his wrath to fever-pitch.
好句翻译：他知道，这些挣扎只不过是愚蠢的无用功；但正因如此，他感到他的尊严受到了侵犯，怒火也不可遏制地愈烧愈旺。他不怎么在乎食不果腹，但喝不到水着实令他痛苦万分、怒不可遏。
【这一句里，作者为了表达巴克的怒不可遏，使用了两种用法：一个是 his anger waxed and waxed ，另一个是 fanned his wrath to fever-pitch. 其中 wax和 fan的用法以及 fever-pitch的表达值得我们借鉴。】
8.（1）Buck rushed at the splintering wood, sinking his teeth into it, surging and wrestling with it.
（2）And Buck was truly a red-eyed devil, as he drew himself together for the spring, hair bristling, mouth foaming, a mad glitter in his blood-shot eyes.
（3）He staggered limply about, the blood flowing from nose and mouth and ears, his beautiful coat sprayed and flecked with bloody slaver.
好句翻译：（1）巴克朝着那摇摇欲坠的木箱子猛撞过去，撕咬着它，冲撞着它，不顾一切地和它厮打着。
（2）此时的巴克活脱脱是个红眼魔鬼。他绷紧肌肉，纵身一跃，毛发直竖，血沫偾张，布满血丝的眼睛里满是恨意。
（3）他蹒跚而前，口鼻喷血，油光水滑的皮毛布满斑斑驳驳的血痕。
【这三句话在描写巴克的一连串情态时并未使用简单的并列句，而是巧妙使用了多重现在分词（sinking, bristling 等）或过去分词（sprayed, flecked)等非谓语结构，使句子主体突出、结构明晰，也凸显了文章句式的多样性。】
9.（1）Be a good dog and all ’ll go well and the goose hang high.
（2）He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken.
好句翻译：（1）当个乖狗狗，日后前途无量。分页标题
（2）他的肉体被击倒了，但他的内心不曾屈服。
10.he ate and slept, or yawned between times, and took interest in nothing, not even when the Narwhal crossed Queen Charlotte Sound and rolled and pitched and bucked like a thing possessed.
好句翻译：他吃了就睡，偶尔哈欠几声，颇为世无争。当轮船穿过夏洛特女王海峡时，船身颠簸摇晃，像被玩弄于鼓掌；但即使是这样，他依然淡定异常。
【在描写一系列动作时，短句与并列句的组合往往能使文章读起来气势十足、朗朗上口；而若想特别强调某些内容，同义词的并列（rolled, pitched,bu cked)也是个不错的选择。】
11.It bit like fire, and the next instant was gone.
好句翻译：那玩意儿（雪）尝起来像火焰，但转瞬间便消失了。
【将冰雪比作火焰——这种相反相成的比喻手法着实令人眼前一亮，与《百年孤独》中对初次触摸冰块感受的描写颇有异曲同工之妙。】
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