晨读行动 | 气候变暖已经影响了人类的健康东方君觉得

早上好，东方君喊你晨读啦！

昨天已经立冬

但是东方君仍然对

今年夏天的“热”记忆犹新

帝都今年夏天实在是太热了！

但是，帝都还没有热到死人！

据说，在地球的一些地方，

热浪不仅可以让人不适，

热浪还可以杀人！

如果全世界对气候变暖

还不引起重视

人类还能与大自然共处多久？

推荐

今天的晨读内容选自NPR报道：“How Climate Change Is Already Affecting Health, Spreading Disease”。

英国知名科研期刊《柳叶刀》10月31日发布了题为“《柳叶刀》倒计时：跟踪健康和气候变化进展”的报告，显示自2000至2016年间，全球发生的与气象有关的灾害数量上升了46％，这一数量的大幅上升给人类健康带来了很大的威胁。

《柳叶刀》杂志当期封面

研究发现，全球范围内暴露在热浪中的弱势人群数量激增。在过去的几年里，每年有超过125万65岁以上的人经历了热浪。热浪不仅仅带给人不适，热浪会杀人！气温升高还增加了与热相关的死亡和疾病的风险。

气温升高的第二个主要后果是与天气有关的灾害增加。从20世纪80年代起，洪水、干旱和森林火灾发生的频率从每年的200起上升到每年300起，上升了46%。《柳叶刀》的研究发现，其中一些增长是由于气候变化造成的。

然后，还有蚊子传播疾病的问题。自1990年以来，每年全球登革热病例增加了一倍。具体来说，研究小组估计，自1990年以来，气候变化使埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的登革热传播速度分别增加了3%和6%。

最后，《柳叶刀》的研究也分析了哪些国家正在采取措施减缓气候变化。结论是：在过去的25年里，各国基本上没有减少碳排放。“进展严重不足。”

来听听NPR的报道中研究者怎么说。

点击此处收听：

DAVID GREENE, HOST: So scientists have been predicting for decades how climate change might hurt people"s health. Well, now they say they are beginning to see actual damage. These results come from a large international collaboration（协作；合作）with two dozen universities and U.N. agencies. NPR"s Michaeleen Doucleff reports.

MICHAELEEN DOUCLEFF, BYLINE: In the past few decades, the average temperature people have experienced around the world has gone up by about 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit（华氏温度）. That change may seem small, but Kim Knowlton at Columbia University says it has had two main consequences（后果；结果） on health. First off（首先）, there"s been a spike（猛增；急升） in heat waves worldwide. The number of vulnerable people exposed has shot up（猛增） more than six times.

KIM KNOWLTON: In one particular year, 2015, there were 175 million more people exposed to extreme heat. That is not just an inconvenience. Heat kills people.

DOUCLEFF: And it exacerbates（加剧） existing health problems such as heart disease and kidney failure. Then there"s the rise in weather-related disasters. The study found the frequency of floods, droughts（旱灾） and wildfires has increased by almost 50 percent since 2000, and some of that surge is because of climate change. Knowlton says people around the world are experiencing this firsthand（直接地）.

KNOWLTON: And, you know, people are suffering. Communities are hurting. People are reeling（发蒙） globally. And I think that"s the turning point（转折点；转机）, that people are connecting the dots（理清楚头绪）between climate change and health here and now（现在）.

DOUCLEFF: In terms of infectious（传染的） diseases, climate change often gets blamed for causing the rise of mosquito-borne viruses like Zika（寨卡病毒）, but other factors have likely contributed more to their spread, like urbanization（城市化过程） and travel. The study, published in The Lancet （柳叶刀）journal, found a tiny link between climate change and dengue fever（登革热）, another mosquito-borne virus, but not a link to any other diseases. The study also looks at what countries are doing to slow down climate change. Nick Watts at the University College London led the study. He says this is the part with a tiny, tiny sliver of hope.

NICK WATTS: That"s probably the part of this that really surprised me.

DOUCLEFF: For more than two decades, he says, countries had been basically doing very little to reduce carbon emissions（减少碳排放）.

WATTS: Taken as a whole, for the last 25 years, we broadly see that progress has been woefully（极其） inadequate（不足的）.

DOUCLEFF: But now there are signs the tide（趋势） is turning, at least a small amount.

WATTS: Just at the last five years we"ve started to see an acceleration（加速） in the response to climate change, and that"s something really exciting because I think we could all use a little bit of hope at the moment.

DOUCLEFF: In particular, Watts says, the use of coal around the world has slowed down and possibly even peaked.

WATTS: And we"ve seen it decline, and we"re continuing to see it decline right the way up to 2016 when our data stops. of coal.

DOUCLEFF: Instead of coal, Watts says some countries are relying more on natural gas and are starting to swap（交换） in renewable energy sources（可更新的能源）, which not only reduce carbon emissions but also make the air healthier to breathe. Michaeleen Doucleff, NPR News.

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