世界卫生组织疫情暴发通报：尼日利亚-拉沙热 Disease outbreak news 疾病疫情新闻 R

Disease outbreak news 疾病疫情新闻

Released Date 发布日期：23 March 2018

Lassa

From 1 January through 18 March 2018, 1495 suspected cases and 119 deaths have been reported from 19 states. During this period 376 patients were confirmed, nine were classified as probable, 1084 tested negative and 26 are awaiting laboratory results (pending). Among the 376 cases classified as confirmed and nine classified as probable, 95 deaths were reported (case fatality rate for confirmed and probable cases = 24.7%).

从2018年1月1日至3月18日，在尼日利亚19个州共报告1495个疑似病例和119例死亡病例。在这期间确诊376名患者，9名为可能性病例，1084名病例检测为阴性，26名仍在等待实验室结果（待确认）。在已确诊的376例病例和9例可能性病例中，报告了95例死亡病例（确诊病例和可能性病例的病死率为24.7%）。

WHO risk assessment

世界卫生组织风险评估

Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever that is transmitted to humans via contact with food or household items contaminated with rodent urine or faeces. Person-to-person infections and laboratory transmission can also occur when there is unprotected contact with blood or bodily fluids.

拉沙热是一种能通过接触被啮齿动物尿液或粪便污染的食物或家具传染给人的病毒性出血热。与血液或体液进行无保护的接触也可导致人传人感染以及实验室传播。

鼠

The current Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria shows a decreasing trend in the number of cases and deaths in the most recent four weeks. This declining trend needs to be interpreted with caution as historical data shows that the high transmission period has not passed. The surveillance system has recently been strengthened. This is the largest outbreak of Lassa fever ever reported in Nigeria.

最近4周，尼日利亚拉沙热疫情的病例和死亡数量已出现下降趋势。这一下降趋势需要谨慎解释，因为历史数据表明，传播高发期还没结束。监测系统在近期已经得到了加强。这是尼日利亚有史以来报告的最大规模的拉沙热疫情。

疫情

WHO advice

世界卫生组织建议

Prevention of Lassa fever relies on community engagement and promoting hygienic conditions to discourage rodents from entering homes. In healthcare settings, staff should consistently implement standard infection prevention and control measures when caring for patients to prevent nosocomial spread of infections.

预防拉沙热在于社区参与和改善卫生条件，防止啮齿动物进入屋内。在卫生保健设施中，工作人员在护理病人预防院内感染时，应始终如一地执行标准的感染预防和控制措施。

Travellers from areas where Lassa fever is endemic can export the disease to other countries, although this rarely occurs. The diagnosis of Lassa fever should be considered in febrile patients returning from West Africa, especially if they have been in rural areas or hospitals in countries where Lassa fever is endemic. Health care workers seeing a patient suspected to have Lassa fever should immediately contact local and national experts for guidance and to arrange for laboratory testing and use appropriate infection and control measures.

来自拉沙热流行地区的旅行者可以将这种疾病传播到其他国家，尽管这种情况很少发生。从西非回来的发热患者，特别是如果他们曾到过拉萨热流行国家的农村或医院，应考虑进行拉沙热诊断。医护人员在接诊怀疑拉沙热患者时应该马上联系当地和国家专家以获得指导，并安排实验室检测以及采取适当的感染控制措施。

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（来源：

世界卫生组织

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（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

制作：曦檬子