2020年高考一卷英语（高考英语阅读理解及答案） _高考

一．考纲解读：高考阅读理解要求考生在30—35分钟内完成3—5篇不同题材、体裁的短文理解。阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点，要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。同时还要达到以下能力目标
(1)能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文；
(2)把握短文的主要线索、时间和空间；
(3)能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断；
(4)理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络。
(5)熟悉掌握实用性问题的文章，如：书刊、影视、产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。
二．把握好文章开头：文章开头是文章思路的起点，把握好文章开头是阅读理解文章的关键，文章常见的开头方式有以下几类：
1．开门见山式
2．引入式
3．悬念式
4．背景式
三．把握好文章的语章结构与照应手段：文章的语篇没有固定结构模式，但每篇文章都有一定的语篇结构，语篇结构反映的是作者的思维模式，所以把握好文章的语篇结构对文章整体内容的理解非有帮助。
四．熟悉文章的各种体裁及其一般特点：高考常考的体裁有：记叙文，说明文，新闻报道，议论文和应用文
五．把握好文章的写作目的或意图：1．说教或感悟类文章
2．娱乐性文章
3．信息功能性文章
六．阅读理解中干扰项的设置规律1．与原文矛盾
2．无中生有
3．答非所问
七．把握好文章难度与题目难度，做题速度与正确率关系
一，记叙文：
1．人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。
人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的形式也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。
另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙，插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。
2．故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。阅读时应特别注意：
(1)一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；(2) “哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
词数：344 体裁：记叙文难度：3
I remember my math teacher Mr. Young very well. He stood out because the kids made fun d him. He was missing one of his fingers, and always pointed at students with his middle finger.
I was not very good at English and math. No matter how hard I tried, I just could not figure out why I did not understand what all the other kids found so easy to learn.
One day, I was told that if I got one more E on my report card, I would be taken to the “big person for kids”
I tried really hard for weeks. I just couldn't understand how to make different parts of members into whole things.
The day before report cards were to come out, 1 knew that Mr. Young would give me an E, just like he always did.
I went to Mr Young and told him that the orphanage (孤儿院) was going to send me to the big person if I got another E on my report card. He told me there was nothing he could do; it would be unfair to the other kids if he gave me a better grade than I had actually earned.
I smiled at him and said, "Mr. Young, do you know how the kids make fun of you because you’re missing your finger?" He looked at me, moved his mouth to one side and said nothing.
“They shouldn’t do that to you because you can't help having a finger, Mr. Young. Just like I can’t help not being able to learn numbers and stuff like that.” I said
The next day, when I got my report card, I tucked it into one of my books. While on the school bus, I opened it: Geography, B+; Mechanical Drawing, C-; English, D-l; History, C-; Gym, B+; Art, C; Math, D-.
That math grade was the most favorite one I ever received. Because I knew that someone in the world finally understood what it was like for me to be missing a finger inside my head.
59. From the second paragraph we can infer that the boy is _________ in some subjects.
A. mind-blowing (给人印象极深的 ) B. slow-witted (头脑迟钝的)
C. fun-loving D. badly- behaved
60. Where may the boy live according to the passage?
A. In an orphanage. B. In a big prison.
C. In the school dormitory. D. In his home.
61. What grade should the boy have got in the math test this time?
A. D-. B. B + C. D. D. E.
62. The underlined word "tucked" in the passage most probably means “________”.
A. stuck B. listed C. hid D. copied
63. The reason why the boy remembers Mr Young is that ________.
A. he missed one of his fingers B. he treated his students very well
C. he understood the boy D. he taught his students in a special way
59．B slow-witted"反应迟钝的”；根据第二段中的第二句可知B项符合。
60．A 根据文中的“the orphanage was going to send me to the big prison…”可推断出应该是住在孤儿院。
61．D 男孩对老师说的话触动了老师，使老师改变了原来想法。实际上从前面的“I knew that Mr Young would give me an E”可知这次数学成绩本应该是E 。
62．C 根据后文“While on the school bus，I opened it”可判断出此处意为“把……藏
起来” 。
63．C 根据最后一句话“Because I knew that someone in the world finally understood what it was like for me to be missing a finger inside my head．”可知正确答案为C 。
词数：289
体裁：记叙文难度：3
Last year．I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, DC．I heard a voice say, “Can you help me?” When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended．Immediately, I pulled out all of my change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her．But the blind woman smiled and said, “I don’t want your money．I just need help finding the post office．”
In an instant, I realized what I had done．I acted with prejudice―I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be．I hated what I saw in myself．
The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant．I left Honduras and arrived in the US at the age of 15．I started my new life with two suitcases,my brother and sister．Through the years, I have been a doorkeeper, cashier and pizza delivery driver among many other humble(卑微的)jobs, and eventually I became a network engineer．
In my own life, I have experienced prejudice．I remember a time―at the age of 17―when I was a busboy, I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me．
But now, living in my American middle-class lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am, where I have been ,and to lose sight of where I want to be going．That blind woman on the streets cured me of my blindness．She reminded me of my belief in humility(谦虚)．By the way, I helped that lady to the post office．I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson．
56．How did the writer give the blind woman money?
A．In a modest way B．In a polite way
C．In an impatient way． D．In a painful way
57According to the text, the writer__________．
A．still lives a poor life B．was busy with his work
C．was born in Honduras D．was a native of Washington D．C．
58．According to the text, the author most probably agrees that one should__________．
A．be nice to the elderly and the disabled
B．try to experience different kinds of culture
C．treat others equally with love and respect
D．think about one’s past as often as possible
59．What would be the best title of the text?
A．A priceless lesson B．An act of prejudice
C．A sightseeing trip D．A humble moment
56．C 考查细节理解。依据第一段倒数第二句中without even looking at her知道作者当时很不耐烦。
57．C考查细节理解。依据第三段前两句中I am an immigrant．I left Honduras and arrived in the US知道答案。
58．C 考查判断推理。作者反省自己不应该对弱势群体抱有偏见，而应该用爱和尊重平等地对待他人。
59．A考查判断推理。那位盲人让我丢掉对弱势群体的偏见，继续坚持谦虚待人的人生信条，这是非常珍贵的教训。
词数：441 体裁：记叙文难度：4
It was my first day at school in London and I was half-excited and half-frightened. On my way to school I wondered what sort of questions the other boys would ask me and rehearsed (practiced) all the answers: “I am nine years old. I was born here
but I haven’t lived here since I was two. I was living in Farley. It’s about thirty miles away. I came back to London two months ago.” I also wondered if it was the custom for boys to fight strangers like me, but I was tall for my age. I hoped they would decide not to risk it.
No one took any notice of me before school. I stood in the center of the playground, expecting someone to say “hello”, but no one spoke to me. When a teacher called my name and told me where my classroom was, one or two boys looked at me but that was all the curiosity my arrival aroused.
My teacher was called Mr Jones. There were 42 boys in the class, so I didn’t stand out there, either, until the first lesson of the afternoon. Mr Jones was very fond of Charles Dickens and he had decided to read aloud to us from